区域壁垒下的劳动力流动路径分析

An Analysis for the Path of Labor Mobility under Regional Barriers

随着“一带一路”倡议的践行,围绕这一倡议形成的区域间、国际产业转移,人才流动将进一步加剧。本文针对此现象,以两个区域间的劳动力要素流动为对象,基于博弈思维建模分析了不同区域之间资源禀赋差异对劳动力流动趋势的影响。与以往单一考虑劳动力流动的文献不同,我们用劳动力税代表广义的劳动力在区域间转移的行政壁垒,并得到了以下结论:当两个区域的资本投入相似时,最初人均资本较多的区域拥有制定较低劳动力税的优势来吸引劳动力流入,而人均资本较少的区域则选择较高的劳动力税,这种选择对本地居民福利更有利;当两个区域的资本投入不同时,劳动力流动的路径存在加速或放缓的可能;这种路径,主要受各区域间资本禀赋和人口分布差距的影响,而不受可供选择转移的区域的数量改变的影响。该结论对优化“一带一路”国家间围绕要素流动的合作倡议具有启发意义。

With the policy of“The Belt and Road”,it is common for the talent drain and industry transfer between regions.Based on these phenomena,this paper analyzed the flow patterns of labor force in two regions,analyzed the differences between regions with different resource endowments.Unlike the previous literature on labor mobility,we drew the following different conclusions:when the capital gains of the two regions are the same,the region with relatively more capital has the advantage of setting a low tax barrier to attract labor inflows;when two places obtain different capital endowments,the path of labor mobility would have two possible directions;the path of labor transfer is essentially influenced by the inter-regional capital endowments and demographic disparities which is not affected by the number of regions that can be transferred.This conclusion is instructive to optimize the strategic cooperation among the countries around“The Belt and Road”with different resource endowments.