论专利公开与排他利益的动态平衡

The Dynamic Balance Between Patent Disclosure and Exclusive Interests

公开与排他利益,是专利的两个维度,二者的互动形成专利制度的诸多影像与形态。专利权被视为一份契约,发明人将其具有新颖性、创造性和实用性的技术方案向社会公开,作为对价,国家授予其在一定时间内的排他垄断权。信息公开与排他利益之间的平衡,是专利制度价值实现的基本途径。这一途径首先体现在专利申请文件的撰写中。另外,专利保护期限的固定以及将审查期纳入权利保护期限等做法,均有效督促申请人尽早、充分公开专利技术信息。捐献原则把说明书中披露但未在权利要求中公开的技术方案贡献给社会,社会公众可以按公开的信息进行自由使用,促进了专利法所追求的信息流通。

Disclosure and exclusive interests are two dimensions of patents,and the interaction between them forms the patent system.Patent right is regarded as a contract,in which the inventor discloses the technical solution of novelty,creativity and utility to the society.As a consideration,the state grants exclusive monopoly power to a patent for some time.The balance between information disclosure and exclusive interests is the basic way to realize the value of the patent system.This approach is above all re flected in the writing of patent applications.In addition,the fixed duration of patent protection and the inclusion of the review period in the protection duration can e ffectively urge early disclosure of relevant information by applicants.The principle of donation contributes to the society the technical solutions disclosed in the speci fication but not in the claims.The public can freely use the public information and thus promote the circulation of information as pursued by the Patent Law.