知识产权视角下数据财产的制度选项

Institutional Options for Data Assets from the Perspective of Intellectual Property

调整对象的相似性、类似的制度目标以及相似的历史发展轨迹使知识产权制度能够为数据财产研究提供独特的研究视角和制度参照。在制度选择时,应以激励数据流转为首要价值目标,并按照既有制度优先于创设制度的原则进行排序。在既有制度中,反不正当竞争法关于商业秘密的规定能够为数据财产提供一定程度的保护,邻接权制度在扩展客体类型后也可作为数据财产的一类制度选项。在创设制度中,在反不正当竞争法中设定独立法益类型的模式不仅能够通过控制特定行为赋予企业有限的财产保护,而且有利于数据流通目标的实现,是数据财产未来较为恰当的制度选项。

The similarity between the regulated objects,similar institutional objectives and similar historical development trajectory render the intellectual property system a unique research perspective and institutional reference for studying data property.In selecting the system,promoting data circulation should be made the primary value goal,and the optional systems should be prioritized according to the principle that the existing system takes precedence over the potentially established system.Among existing systems,the provisions of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law on trade secrets can provide a certain degree of protection for data assets.The neighboring rights system,having expanded the scope of objects,can also be used as an optional system for data assets.While creating the proper system,it is an ideal option to establish independent type of legal interests in the Anti-Unfair Competition Law,because it can not only empower enterprises limited protection over their property by controlling speci fic behavior,but also facilitate data circulation.The paper recommends it as an appropriate institutional option for data assets in the future.