组学在花药发育研究中的应用进展Ⅰ:转录组学

Application Progress of Omics in the Research of Anther Development Ⅰ: Transcriptomics

花药发育在开花植物的有性生殖中起着十分重要的作用,花药和花粉的正常发育是直接决定种子产生和作物产量的关键因素之一。花药发育是一个被严格调控的生物学过程,许多关键基因在花药发育过程中发挥调控作用,这些基因的突变会导致雄性不育。已有的关于花药生物学的研究主要集中在单基因的功能研究上,而对花药发育过程中的转录变化、蛋白变化及代谢变化缺乏整体的认识。随着高通量测序技术的发展与分析方法的创新,多种组学技术已成功应用于花药发育的研究,如转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学,这大大补充了花药发育的调控网络,使人们逐渐开始系统地探索并解析花药发育的一般规律,这无疑极大地促进了花药发育的立体研究。总结了转录组学在植物花药和花粉中的应用和研究进展,丰富了植物生殖发育过程中的信息,以期为育种工作提供大量的理论依据。

Anther development plays an important role in the sexual reproduction of flowering plants.Normal anther and pollen development is directly associated with seed production and crop yield.Anther development is a strictly regulated biological process.Many key genes play regulatory roles in the development of anthers.Mutations in these genes can lead to male sterility.Previous studies on anther biology focused on the functional study of single genes,but lacked an overall understanding of transcriptional changes,protein changes,and metabolic changes during anther development.With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology and the innovation of analytical methods,a variety of omics techniques have been successfully applied in the study of anther development,such as transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,which greatly complement the regulation network of anther development.And it has gradually led to the systematic exploration and analysis of the general laws of anther development,which has greatly promoted the stereoscopic study of anther development.In this paper,we summarized the application and research progress of plant anther and pollen in transcriptomics,aiming to enrich the information in the process of plant reproductive development,and provide a large theoretical basis for breeding work.