气孔运动中保卫细胞壁作用的研究进展

Advances on Roles of Guard Cell Wall in Stomatal Movement

保卫细胞通过调节气孔开关,控制植物水分蒸腾和CO 2吸入,在植物生长发育中发挥重要作用。气孔正常开关与保卫细胞壁特性、组成密切相关。随着细胞壁相关分子遗传学、生物化学研究的深入,以及分析模型的引入,研究者对保卫细胞壁特性和组成在气孔运动中作用的研究逐渐深入。综述了保卫细胞壁不均一特性的最新研究进展,包括不均一特性在气孔开放运动中的重要作用、进化上的保守性和发育形成过程;同时分别论述了保卫细胞壁中纤维素、木葡聚糖、果胶、木质素和细胞壁松弛因子等组分在维持气孔保卫细胞功能中的作用,重点关注分子遗传学和生物化学领域的相关研究进展;并展望了保卫细胞壁影响气孔运动功能的分子机制研究的发展方向,以期为保卫细胞壁的遗传改良提供思路。

Stomatal guard cells play important roles in plant development by controlling water and CO 2 exchange between the plant and the environment.The repeatable movements of stomata depend on the characteristics of guard cell wall.Biochemical and molecular studies with the help of computational modeling have greatly increased the understanding of the specific roles of guard cell wall components and characteristics on stomatal function.We summerized the recent advances on the essential roles of polarized wall of guard cell on the stomatal function,and the deposition process and evolutionary conservation of the polarized wall.Meanwhile,the latest finding of the specific influence of cell wall components on stomatal movement were also summarized,particularly in the fields of molecular genetics and biochemistry.We also proposed the future research on the molecular mechanism by which guard cell wall is involved in the function of stomata,which was aimed to provide new insight for genetic engineering of guard cell wall.