我国幼儿体质测定标准的效度研究

Validity of Evaluation Standards for Infant Physical Fitness

《国民体质测定标准》(幼儿部分)是国家掌握幼儿体质和实施健康促进的前提。文章从结构效度和内容效度两个角度分别对幼儿体质测定标准进行了研究,认为我国幼儿体质测定标准的效度存在以下问题:缺少生理机能指标降低了标准的结构效度;部分指标的设置过于笼统,降低了标准的区分度;以身体素质为主的指标,其动作技能超出了3~6岁幼儿的动作发展水平,降低了标准的内容效度。参照西方发达国家的经验,建议对标准进行以下修改:首先是增加生理机能指标;其次要区别对待,提高区分度;最后建议用动作发展评价代替身体素质指标。

The National Physical Fitness Evaluation Standards(infant part) is the prerequisite for the state to master infant physical fitness and implement health promotion. This paper from the perspective of structural validity and content validity, and points out the following problems in the validity of the infant’s physical fitness evaluation standards in China, lack of physiological function indicators reduces the structural validity of the standards. The setting of some indicators is too general, which reduces the discrimination of standards.Quality-based indicators, whose motor skills exceed the 3~6 years old infant’s motor development level, reduce the content validity of the standard. Referring to the experience of western developed countries, it is suggested to revise the standards as follows, firstly, to increase the physiological function indicators. Secondly, to differentiate and improve the discrimination. Finally, it is suggested to replace the physical quality indicators with the action development evaluation.