磷肥对大豆农艺性状、光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of Phosphate Fertilizer on Agronomic Characters, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Soybean

为促进磷肥推广应用及提高大豆产量,以黑河43为试验材料,于2017年在黑龙江省九三管理局鹤山农场试验基地进行施磷对大豆农艺性状、光合特性及产量影响的研究。结果表明:鼓粒期D1[富硫磷二铵(581.56 g·m^-2)+尿素(78.17 g·m^-2)+氯化钾(225.11 g·m^-2),总养分(N+P 2 O 5)≥54.0%、14%-40%-0%,其中,总S≥10%]和D2[硝基黄腐酸二铵(553.86 g·m^-2)+尿素(75.75 g·m^-2)+氯化钾(225.11 g·m^-2),总养分(N+P 2 O 5)≥57.0%、15%-42%-0%,其中,黄腐酸≥2%]处理的大豆株高、茎粗、地上部单株干物质积累量均高于CK,其中以D2处理较好。在鼓粒期,D2处理的大豆叶片SPAD值、净光合速率和气孔导度均显著高于CK。在鼓粒期,D2处理通过提高大豆叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率,调控了大豆叶片同化物质的积累,从而提高了大豆产量。

In order to promote the application and increase of soybean fertilizer,Hehe 43 was used as experimental material to study the effects of phosphorus application on soybean agronomic traits,photosynthetic characteristics and yield in Heshan Farm Test Base of Jiu San Administration of Heilongjiang Province in 2017.The results showed that Drum stage D1(Thion-rich diammonium phosphate(581.56 g·m^-2)+urea(78.17 g·m^-2)+potassium chloride(225.11 g·m^-2),total nutrient(N+P 2 O 5)≥54.0%,14%-40%-0%,of which,total S≥10%]and D2[diammonium nitrosulphonate(553.86 g·m^-2)+urea(75.75 g·m^-2)+potassium chloride(225.11 g·m^-2),total nutrient(N+P 2 O 5)≥57.0%,15%-42%-0%,Among them,the plant height,stem diameter and dry matter accumulation of the above-ground soybeans were higher than that of CK,and D2 treatment was better.In the blast stage,the SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of D2 treated soybean leaves were significantly higher than CK.In the granule stage,D2 treatment increased the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of soybean leaves,and regulated the accumulation of assimilated substances in soybean leaves,there by increasing soybean yield.