不同用量园艺废弃物堆肥对西芹植株生长、土壤养分、重金属含量的影响

Effects of the Different Application Amount of Main Horticultural Waste Compost on Soil Nutrient and Microbial Activity on Celery in Greenhouse in Ningxia

为改善宁夏园艺废弃植株残体利用率低及环境污染严重的问题,以无添加堆肥和常规鸡粪添加为CK1和CK2,设计堆肥与土壤质量比1.0%、2.5%、5.0%、10.0%的还田处理,采用两茬的连续试验,系统探究堆肥不同还田量对设施西芹土壤的培肥效果以及对西芹产量的影响。结果表明:随堆肥还田量增加土壤pH和EC显著增加,10.0%还田处理增加pH效果最显著,连续施用鸡粪增加EC、降低pH最显著;土壤全氮和速效氮、磷均随堆肥还田量增加而增加,10.0%增加效果最显著,鸡粪处理优于1.0%和2.5%还田处理,低于5.0%、10.0%还田处理;第一茬微量元素Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn和重金属Cr随堆肥还田量增加而增加,第二茬Fe、Mn、Cr增加效果一致,鸡粪处理的Cd累积量最高;随堆肥还田量增加土壤微生物量碳和氮增加,10.0%还田处理微生物量碳和氮最高,5.0%次之,鸡粪微生物量碳和氮低于5.0%、10.0%还田处理;随堆肥还田量增加西芹植株干鲜重和产量增加,鸡粪、10.0%还田处理西芹植株干鲜重最高,5.0%次之。综合考虑,10.0%堆肥还田增加西芹产量、改善土壤养分效果最佳,5.0%次之,鸡粪易造成盐分和重金属Cd累积。

In order to improve the utilization rate of waste horticultural plant residues and serious environmental pollution in Ningxia,the land without returning and with regular chicken manure were considered as CK1 and CK2,compost and soil mass ratio to 1.0%,2.5%,5.0%,10.0%of composting returning treatment were designed,two season tests were applied.The effects of different composting returning amount on soil nutrient and yield of celery were researched.The results showed that soil pH and EC was increased with the increase of amount of compost,the pH of 10.0%amount compost was increased the most significantly,continuous application of chicken manure could increase EC and reduce pH significantly.The soil total nitrogen,avaliable N and P content were increased with amount of composting,soil total nitrogen,avaliable N and P content of 10.0%amount compost were the highest,and that of chicken manure was better than 1.0%and 2.5.0%amount compost,but lower than 5.0%and 10.0%amount compost.Soil Zn,Cu,Fe,Mn and heavy metal Cr were increased with the increasing of amount of composting in the first season,and Fe,Mn,Cr had the similar representation in the second season,and the Cd content of chicken manure was the highest.Soil microbial nitrogen and carbon were increased with the increasing of amount of composting.Soil microbial nitrogen and carbon of 10.0%amount compost were the highest,and that of 5.0%amount compost were higher than other treatments and that of chicken manure were lower than 5.0%and 10.0%amount compost.The plant fresh and dry weight and yield were increased with the increasing of amount of composting.The yield of celery of 10%compost treatment and chicken manure were higher than other treatments,5.0%compost treatment was second.In a word,10.0%gardening waste compost was the optimum amount,which could increase celery yield,and improve soil quality,5.0%gardening waste compost was the second,chicken manure could increase the accumulation of salinity and heavy metals Cd.