基于拓扑优化的立柱结构轻量化设计

Lightweight Design of Column Structure Based on Topology Optimization

对机床主要零部件的轻量化设计不仅能节约制造成本、减少能源的消耗,而且能保证或提升其机械性能,稳定加工精度。以某型号加工中心立柱结构为研究对象,采用变密度法的拓扑优化方法,创建两种不同数学模型方案对立柱进行轻量化设计。整体考虑立柱的结构特征,在外轮廓拓扑优化模型基础上,利用二维壳单元对筋板布局进行拓扑优化。最终优化模型的有限元分析结果显示,立柱结构一阶模态频率提升了10.7%,质量降低了13.1%。轻量化设计结果表明,拓扑优化是一种非常有效的结构优化方法。三维网格结合二维网格优化立柱整体结构能够得到精准的传力路径,为轻量化设计提供了可行方案。

The lightweight design of the main components of the machine tool cannot only save the cost of manufacturing,reduce the consumption of energy,but also guarantee or improve the mechanical performance and stabilize the machining precision.In this paper,by using the topology optimization method based on variable density method,two different mathematical models are designed for the column structure of a certain type of machining center.Considered the structural characteristics of column,two-dimensional shell element is used to optimize the layout of the stiffened panels based on the topology optimization model of the external contour.The finite element analysis result of the final optimization model shows that the first modal frequency of the column structure is increased by 10.7%and the quality is reduced by 13.1%.The result of lightweight design indicates that topology optimization is a very effective method of structural optimization.The combination of three-dimensional mesh and the two-dimensional mesh can be used to get precise load-transferred paths in the optimization of column structure,providing a feasible solution for lightweight design.