m6A修饰在人类相关致病病毒中的作用与研究进展

Progress in m6A Modification in Human-related Pathogenic Viruses

N6-腺苷酸甲基化(N6-methyladenosine,m6A)修饰是真核生物中最为常见的信使RNA(messenger RNA,mRNA)转录后修饰方式,主要受甲基化转移酶(methyltransferases)、去甲基化转移酶(demethylases)以及特异性结合蛋白(m6A-binding proteins)共同调控。m6A修饰参与RNA生命周期的各个阶段,从RNA加工、出核、翻译到RNA降解。近期有研究显示,m6A修饰的异常发生不仅能够导致肿瘤的发生,也会影响致病病毒的复制及相关重要基因的表达,表明m6A修饰在致病病毒的复制及其致病过程中扮演重要角色。本文主要阐述m6A修饰在人类免疫缺陷病毒Ⅰ型(Human immunodeficiency virus type 1,HIV-1)、甲型流感病毒(Influenza A virus,IAV)、卡波氏肉瘤相关疱疹病毒(Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus,KSHV)、乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus,HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis C virus,HCV)、寨卡病毒(Zika virus,ZIKV)、肠道病毒71型(Enterovirus 71,EV71)以及猴空泡病毒40(Simian vacuolating virus 40 or Simian virus 40,SV40)这八种病毒的复制及感染宿主过程中的作用与分子机制,为病毒性传染病的防治提供新的参考。

N6-methyladenosine(m6A)is the most prevalent internal modification of eukaryotic mRNA,which alters post-transcriptional gene expression and is regulated by methyltransferases,demethylases,and m6A-binding proteins. m6A modification is involved in all phases of the turnover of RNA, including RNA processing,nuclear export,translation modulation and RNA degradation. Recently,more and more studies have found that abnormal m6A modification not only contributes to human diseases including cancers,but also affects the replication of pathogenic viruses and the expression of important genes. It has been suggested that mRNA m6A modification plays an important role in the replication of pathogenic viruses and their pathogenesis.This article mainly focuses on the role and molecular mechanism of m6A modification in human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1),influenza A virus(IAV),Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV),hepatitis B virus(HBV),hepatitis C virus(HCV),Zika virus(ZIKV),enterovirus 71(EV71)and Simian vacuolating virus 40/Simian virus 40(SV40),and provides a new perspective on the prevention and treatment of human pathogenic viruses.