泡沫逆转录病毒分类和命名的最新进展

Updated Taxonomy and Nomenclature of Spumaretroviruses

泡沫逆转录病毒属于逆转录病毒科泡沫逆转录病毒亚科,可自然感染非灵长类哺乳动物以及非人灵长类动物(Nonhuman primates,NHPs),其中猴泡沫病毒(Simian soamy viruses,SFVs)向人类的跨物种传播是人通过接触受感染的非人灵长类动物的体液或组织而发生。近年来随着测序技术的发展,对外源性泡沫病毒和在各种宿主基因组中发现的内源性逆转录病毒序列进行了系统性研究,从而对泡沫逆转录病毒分类提出了新建议。因此,本文总结了泡沫逆转录病毒的分类历史,并概述了2017年6月8日ICTV(International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses)执行委员会提出的泡沫逆转录病毒最新分类法和Arifa S. Khan等人提出的一种类似用于猴免疫缺陷病毒和猴嗜T淋巴细胞病毒分离株的泡沫逆转录病毒命名法。该分类法和命名法区分了不同但密切相关的灵长类(如人类,猿,猴)泡沫病毒以及来自其他宿主的泡沫病毒,有利于解决泡沫病毒同物种和跨物种传播时毒株描述的问题。

Spumaretroviruses belong to the Spumaretrovirinae subfamily of Retroviridae family. They infect various animals,including nonhuman primates(NHPs),naturally Cross-species transmissions of simian foamy viruses(SFVs)to humans have occurred following exposure to body fluids or tissues of infected NHPs. With the development of DNA sequencing technology,endogenous spumaretrovirus sequences found in various host genomes and exogenous spumaretroviruses have been studied systematically. New suggestions have been made for the taxonomy of spumaretroviruses. This review summarizes the taxonomy history of spumaretroviruses and the updated classification of spumaretroviruses proposed by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses(ICTV)on 8 June,2017. Also,we describe a spumaretrovirus nomenclature proposed by Khan et al which is similar to the one applied to isolates of the simian immunodeficiency virus and simian T-lymphotropic virus. This taxonomy and nomenclature can be applied to distinguish different,but closely related primate(e.g.,human,ape,simian)foamy viruses as well as those from other hosts,which can help elucidating the hostvirus intra-species and inter-species transmission.