乡村振兴背景下秦巴山区农村居民点整理潜力与分区研究——以陕西省山阳县为例

Consolidation potential and zoning for rural residential land in Qinling-Daba Mountains Area based on rural vitalization:A case study of Shanyang County in Shaanxi Province,China

农村居民点作为农户社会经济活动的重要载体,对其进行空间重构与优化是实现乡村振兴的有效途径。以陕西省山阳县238个村为研究单元,从自然资源、土地区位、社会经济三个维度选取20项评价因子,构建山阳县农村居民点整理潜力评价指标体系,并借助由粒子群优化的BP神经网络模型,对山阳县农村居民点的整理潜力指数进行综合测度,最后运用层次聚类法划分居民点整理分区,进一步探讨相应的整理途径。结果表明:①山阳县居民点整理潜力指数值介于8.80~57.29之间,其中高值区大多集中在地势平坦,交通便利,靠近中心城区,并且社会经济发展良好的地区。②基于层次聚类分析结果和农村发展现状,将山阳县划分为城镇发展区、优先整理区、重点整理区、适度整理区和控制调整区等居民点用地整理类型,并按照分区统筹的原则,因地制宜地提出相应的整理策略和优化途径,以期为城乡统筹和乡村振兴提供参考依据。

Rural residential land is an important carrier of social and economic activities of farmers,and its spatial reconstruction and optimization is an effective way to achieve rural vitalization.With 238 villages of Shanyang County,Shaanxi Province as the research unit,20 items of evaluation factors were selected from dimensions of natural resources,land location,as well as society and economy.The evaluation index system of the rural residential landpotential consolidation of Shanyang County was built.With the aid of the BP neural network model of particle swarm optimization,the index of the rural residential land potential consolidation of Shanyang County was synthetically measured.Finally the corresponding arrangement way was further explored by using the hierarchical clustering analysis method to divide rural residential land consolidation.The following results are obtained:①the index of the rural residential land potential consolidation of Shanyang County was 8.80~57.29,and the high-value areas are centered in the areas with flat terrain,with large per capita residential area,with convenient transportation,being close to the central city,and with good social and economic development.The influencing factors of driving rural residential and landform and structure change refer to many aspects,including natural environmental conditions,location conditions,level of economic development and farmers′income.②Based on the results of hierarchical clustering analysis and the current situation of rural development,Shanyang County is divided into the urban development area,the priority consolidation area,the key consolidation area,the moderate consolidation area and control adjustment area and other residential land consolidation types.Besides,targeted corresponding consolidation strategy and optimization approach are proposed in accordance with the principle of regional planning and local conditions.Urban development area needs to accelerate the process of urbanization and strengthen the ability of key cities and towns to drive development.The priority consolidation area should focus on cultivating the construction of characteristic towns,and strengthen the construction of central villages to stimulate the endogenous development momentum.The key consolidation area should reasonably plan the existing residential areas,adjust the structure layout appropriately,and pay attention to the continuation of the village texture.The moderate consolidation area should adopt the internal pattern of digging potential,and take different measures for each township.The control adjustment area should focus on scale control,gradually move residents to areas with better natural environment and superior land location environment,and pay attention to the protection of ecological resources.