基于静定梁和田玉、岫玉、蓝田玉的力学解析

Mechanics Analysis of Nephrite,Xiuyu Jade and Lantian Jade Based on Statically Determinate Beam

大部分玉雕作品中长、细特性都以悬臂梁和外伸梁的形式体现出来,长细比例的确定是雕刻工艺中的难点。采用抗拉以及抗压测试对和田玉、岫玉、蓝田玉试样进行力学强度试验,根据静定梁的种类及截面类型,运用最大弯曲正应力公式σmax=|M zmax|/Wz≤[σ],对试验数据进行力学解析,得出以下结论:三种玉石和田玉的抗拉抗压强度最大;和田玉雕刻为矩形截面外伸梁且满足a=0.71 l时,长细比值范围最大为l/2 h≤2924.38;且合理运用不等强梁特性,可扩大雕刻玉石的长细比值范围。

Most of the long and thin characteristics of jade carvings are embodied in the form of cantilever beams and outrigger beams,and the determination of slenderness ratio is a difficult point in the carving process.Tensile and compressive tests were used to test the mechanical strength of nephrite,Xiuyu Jade and Lantian Jade.According to the types of statically determinate beams and section types,the maximum bending normal stress formulaσmax=|M zmax| /Wz≤[σ]was used to analyze the test data.The following conclusions are drawn:the tensile and compressive strength of nephrite is the largest in three kinds of jade;the carving of nephrite is a rectangular truncation.When nephrite is carved as a rectangular cross-section extension beam satisfied with a=0.71 l,the maximum slenderness ratio is l 2 /h≤2924.38.The range of slenderness ratio of carved jadeite can be enlarged by reasonable use of unequal strength beam characteristics.