喷水推进和泵喷推进的概念：共性、特性及区别

Concepts of waterjet propulsion and pumpjet propulsion:their common characteristics, special characteristics and differences

[目的]针对国内外喷水推进和泵喷推进的概念缺乏完整定义、外延尚存混淆、产品称谓混乱的现状,[方法]通过对这2种推进器工作原理和具体结构的剖析,进行共性提炼和特性区分,提出喷水推进和泵喷推进的定义,指出它们的共性、特性及区别。[结果]喷水推进和泵喷推进均属泵类推进,都是通过管道内叶轮和导叶的流场匹配设计在喷口产生轴向射流而获得推进作用;喷水推进的第一设计指标是高效率、首要保证快速性,相应的设计结果是喷水推进器;泵喷推进的第一设计指标是低噪声、首要保证声隐身性,相应的设计结果是泵喷推进器。[结论]该定义不仅包含和区分了已问世至今的喷水推进器和泵喷推进器,而且也明示了国外某些泵类推进器命名存在的问题。该定义有助于业内对喷水推进和泵喷推进的认识和区分。

[Objectives]In view of the lack of complete definition,confusion about denotation of basic concepts of waterjet and pumpjet and confusion of product appellations both at home and abroad at present,[Methods]the common and special characteristics of the two propulsors were refined out and their differences distinguished based on the analysis of their working principle and concrete structures,the definitions of waterjet propulsion and pumpjet propulsion were proposed and their common characteristics,special characteristics and differences were pointed out.[Results]The waterjet and pumpjet are all pump-type propulsors,all of which rely on the matching design of rotors and stators on the flow field inside a duct to produce an axial jet.The first design index of waterjet is high efficiency and the rapidity shall be ensured primarily,whose design result is a waterjet.The first design index of pumpjet is low noise(the acoustic stealth)shall be ensured primarily,whose design result is a pumpjet.[Conclusions]This definition not only includes and distinguishes all existing waterjets and pumpjets,but also points out the problems of some foreign pump-type propulsor's nomenclature and classification.This definition helps the public understand and distinguish between waterjet propulsion and pumpjet propulsion.