机械排烟时补风口高度对竖直单开口舱室火灾烟气特性的影响

Influence of height of the air supply inlet on the smoke characteristics of the vertical single opening cabin fire during mechanical smoke exhaust

[目的]为合理制定舰船竖直单开口舱室火灾的排烟战术,提高排烟效率,[方法]通过搭建全尺寸火灾实验平台,对竖直单开口舱室的火灾烟气特性进行研究。通过设置不同的开口高度,对负压排烟时的火源燃烧速率、舱室能见度及温度进行测量与计算。根据实验测得的火源热释放速率,使用火灾动力学模拟软件(FDS)对实验及仿真舱室温度峰值进行对比分析。[结果]结果显示,机械排烟时补风口高度应设置在总高度约1/2处,在此高度下舱室能见度及温度下降速度更为迅速。[结论]所做研究对于竖直单开口舱室火灾的机械排烟战术制定具有一定指导意义,同时也证明了在此种火灾条件下采用FDS进行模拟的可信性。

[Objectives]In order to rationally formulate the smoke exhaust tactics and improve the smoke exhaust efficiency,[Methods]the smoke characteristics of vertical single opening cabin were studied by building a full-scale fire experimental platform.By setting different opening heights,the burning rate of fire source,and the visibility and temperature of the cabin during negative pressure smoke exhaust were measured and calculated.According to the measured heat release rate of the fire source,the temperature peak values of the experimental and simulated cabins were compared and analyzed by Fire Dynamics Simulator(FDS).[Results]It is proved that the height of air supply inlet should be set at about one-half of the total height under mechanical smoke exhaust conditions,at which height the visibility and temperature of the cabin decrease more rapidly.[Conclusions]The results of this paper have certain guiding significance for the formulation of mechanical smoke exhaust tactics in the vertical single opening cabin fire,and have also proved the reliability of FDS under such fire conditions.