近地天体预警防御综述

Summary of Near-Earth Objects Warning and Defense

近地天体数量多且撞击危害大,预警防御是有效应对其撞击威胁的基本手段,具体的预警防御技术已成为国际研究热点。中国已加入专门负责近地天体预警防御的国际组织,但具体研究多处于起步阶段。详细阐述了发展近地天体预警防御技术的必要性及基本的应对流程,阐述了搜索监测、国际组织及其技术研究、深空探测项目等各方面的国际研究进展情况,简要分析了轨道偏转防御的基本策略以及核爆、动能撞击、引力牵引、改变太阳光压和激光剥蚀等5种主要防御手段的原理及优缺点,总结了近地天体预警防御领域未来工作的4个重点方向。最后针对我国的研究现状提出几点建议和思考。

Because of the huge number and high relative speed,Near-Earth Objects pose a serious impact threat to the Earth.Early warning is an essential means to effectively deal with the threat,but the existing capacity is still not enough to fully protect the Earth from catastrophic impact.Since the occurrence of the Chelyabinsk incident in 2013,NEO defensive technology has become a hotspot in international research.China has now joined the SMPAG which is an international organization dedicated to the defense of near-Earth objects,but some specific research is still in its infancy.In this paper,the necessity and basic response process of developing NEO early warning and defense technology are expounded in detail.The international research progress of NEO surveys,international organization and its technical research,deep space exploration project and other aspects are expounded,and the orbital deflection defense is briefly analyzed.The basic strategy and the principles,advantages and disadvantages of five main defense techonolies are introduced,including nuclear explosion,kinetic impact,gravitational traction,changing solar light pressure and laser ablation.Then,it is concluded that the priorities for future work of NEO warning and defense are mainly:Improve searching and cataloging ability,enhance physical feature detection,promote defense technology research and carry out deflection test tasks.Finally,some development suggestions are proposed,including rapid improvement of monitoring and cataloging capabilities,promotion of basic research in various aspects,and actively participate in and carry out international exchanges and cooperation.