基于供体受体关系的大尺度水源涵养生态保护红线划定技术方法及应用

Technical methods and applications of large scale ecological conservation redline delimitation of water conservation based on donor-receptor theory

水源涵养是陆地生态系统重要的服务功能之一,是植被、水与土壤相互作用所产生的综合功能的体现。通过划定生态保护红线对水源涵养功能进行保护,是我国推进生态文明建设的重要举措。单纯依靠水源涵养模型很难准确反映一个区域的水源涵养功能重要性,通过将区域生态学的供体-受体理论引入水源涵养功能评估,建立了基于水源涵养能力、生态辐射效应、人类福祉的水源涵养功能重要区域识别与评估技术方法,并据此分析了全国尺度生态系统水源涵养功能的重要性,有利于提高评估现势性和准确性。结果表明:我国水源涵养功能总体上呈现由东南向西北递减的特征;水源涵养功能极重要区面积199.97万km 2,主要分布于我国长江、黄河、珠江、黑龙江等重要河流源头区和京津冀、珠三角等人口集中分布的受体区。对比现有NPP法和模型评估法,该方法更科学、合理,评估结果对划定生态保护红线、合理配置水资源等具有重要意义。

Water conservation is one of the important service functions of terrestrial ecosystems.It is the comprehensive performance of interactions by vegetation,water and soil.Protecting water conservation function by delineating the ecological conservation redline is an important measure to promote ecological civilization construction in China.Introducing the donor-receptor theory of regional ecology into water conservation function is conducive to improving the current situation and accuracy of assessment.It is difficult to accurately reflect the importance of water conservation function in a region by simply relying on water conservation model,this study based on the donor-receptor theory to construct an assessment framework,chose water conservation function ratio,ecological radiation effects,and human well-being as indexes and analyzed the importance of ecosystem water conservation function at national scale.The results showed that water conservation function was overall decreased from southeast to northwest.The vital important area of water conservation function was 1.99 million km 2,which were mainly distributed at the upstream of yangtze river,yellow river,pearl river and Heilongjiang river of important rivers and population concentration area of Jing-jin-ji,Pearl River Delta,etc.Compared with the NPP and water balance methods,this method was more scientific and reasonable.The assessment results are of great significance for delineating ecological conservation redline and rational allocation of water resources.