贵州高原地形空间分布格局及其利用分析

Analysis on Spatial Distribution Pattern and Its Utilization of Guizhou Plateau

地形是重要的土地资源和自然资源,探究地形空间格局对土地利用和农业开发具有重要意义。选取贵州高原DEM数据,提取坡度、海拔、地形起伏度等地形因子,采用空间自相关和空间聚类分析等方法探究贵州高原地形空间格局,并针对地形优化利用进行分析。文章得出以下主要结果:①贵州高原主体海拔为600 m～1,400 m,占比超过65%;贵州高原主体坡度为5o～30o,占比在70%以上;贵州高原主体地形起伏度为100 m～350 m,占比在60%以上。②贵州高原县区海拔全局莫兰指数为0.8167,高于坡度和起伏度的0.5367、0.5337,海拔空间集聚度高。③贵州高原县区海拔高-高集聚在西部,低-低集聚在东部;坡度和地形起伏度低-低集聚主要在中部贵阳-安顺周边,高-高集聚相对分散。④贵州高原地形优势区占比13.64%,地形劣势区占比26.14%,表明全省地形条件相对复杂,反映了贵州高原以山地为主体的地形格局。⑤贵州高原地形优势区主要分布于黔中县区,该区域有条件成为全省发展的龙头带动区;地形(次)劣势区主要位于西部和东北,该区域应是全省生态保护重要区。

Topography is an important land resource and natural resource.Exploring the spatial pattern of terrain is of great significance to land use and agricultural development.The DEM data of Guizhou Plateau were select?ed to extract topographic factors such as slope,elevation and terrain relief.Spatial autocorrelation and spatial clustering analysis were used to explore the spatial pattern of Guizhou Plateau.The main results were as follows:①The elevation of the main body of Guizhou Plateau is 600 m～1,400 m,accounting for more than 65%;the slope of Guizhou Plateau is 5o～30o,accounting for more than 70%;the main terrain of Guizhou Plateau is 100 m～350 m,accounting for more than 60%.②The elevation of the Molan index in Guizhou Plateau County is 0.8167,which is higher than the slope(0.5367)and undulation(0.5337),and the altitude space is highly concen?trated.③The altitudes of Gaozhou County in Guizhou Province are high-high in the west,low-low in the east;the slope and topographic relief are low-low concentration mainly in the central Guiyang-Anshun,and the highhigh agglomeration is relatively dispersed.④The topographically dominant areas of Guizhou Plateau accounted for 13.64%and the terrain inferior areas accounted for 26.14%indicating relatively poor topographical condi?tions with mountain dominated land pattern in Guizhou Plateau.⑤The terrain superiority area of Guizhou Pla?teau is mainly distributed in Qianzhong County,which has the conditions to become the leading driving area of the province's development;the topographic(sub)inferior areas are mainly located in the west and northeast,and this area should be the focus of the province's key ecological protection area.