重庆武陵山区野生芒种质资源表型变异研究

Phenotypic Variation of Wild Miscanthus sinensis Andersson of Southwest Hills and Mountains of Chongqing

【目的】对重庆武陵山区10个野生芒居群的17个表型性状进行遗传多样性研究。【方法】对17个表型性状进行方差分析、多样性指数分析、相关性分析、聚类分析及主成分分析等。【结果】10个居群的遗传变异主要体现在居群内,居群内多样性指数为1.88。聚类分析将10个居群分为3组;主成分分析表明17个植物学形态特征可归为7个主成分因子,累计贡献率达到81.15%,最大程度上反映了所有材料的表型特征。相关分析结果表明,17个形态指标间存在显著的相关性。通过对表型性状与地理信息中海拔的相关性分析结果表明,分蘖数、节数、叶片长、旗叶长、旗叶宽、花序长、第二外颖长、第二内颖长、花序干重、单茎干重与海拔呈极显著负相关。【结论】野生芒自身所具有的遗传物质差异和地理徽环境差异导致了野生芒居群内植株在形态特征方面产生了不同程度的变异,从而保持了居群内的高度多样性。海拔对芒植株的生物产量和生殖器官影响很大。

【Objective】17 phenotypic traits of 10 Miscanthus sinensis populations origin from Southwest Hills and Mountains of Chongqing were measured.【Method】Shamion-Weaver index and variance analysis showed that the genetic variation was mainly reflected in the genetic variation within populations.【Result】Genetic diversity index among these populations was 1.88.Cluster analysis showed that the 10 populations could be categorized into 3 groups.Principal component analysis based on 17 morphological characteristics indicated that sevent principal components reflected most of the plant phenotypic characteristics.Phenotypic characteristics of M.sinensis were also significantly correlated.In addition,altitude was significantly negative correlated with tillers number,node number per tiller,leaf length,flag leaf length,flag leaf width,inflorescence length,second outer grain length,second inner grain length,dry weight per inflorescence and dry weight per tiller.Based on the genetic information available for M.sinensis,some conservation strategies and genetic breeding were proposed.【Conclusion】The differences in genetic material and geographical micro-environment of wild awns have resulted in different degrees of variation in morphological characteristics of plants in Miscanthus sinensis populations,thus maintaining a high degree of diversity within the population.Altitude has a great influence on the biological yield and reproductive organs of Miscanthus sinensis.