胶园林下间作对玫瑰茄产量和品质的影响

Yield and Quality Performance of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Intercropped in Rubber Plantation with Paired Row Planting System

【目的】本文研究了全周期胶园林下不同光照时长和光照强度间作区玫瑰茄的植株发育,产量表现和品质特征,为橡胶树/玫瑰茄间作模式的建立提供理论依据。【方法】根据光照时长和光照强度的差异,在全周期胶园的宽行内设置5个观测区,分析不同观测区林下间作玫瑰茄的株高,茎粗,分枝数,叶片数,单株收果数,单果重,花萼产量,花萼矿质元素和营养成分含量,评价胶园林下不同间作区玫瑰茄的产量和品质表现。【结果】①间作区不同位置玫瑰茄植株的分枝数,叶片数差异较大,均显著低于裸地对照,表现为CK>E7>M10>W7>E4>W4;②间作区M10,E7和W7玫瑰茄新鲜花萼产量显著高于E4和W4。M10单果重与裸地对照没有差异。间作区玫瑰茄平均单株收果数,单果重和新鲜花萼产量比裸地对照分别降低42.71%,26.07%和55.88%;③间作区Ca,Mg和总黄酮的含量显著低于裸地对照,而N,P,K,Fe,Zn,粗蛋白和总糖含量含量显著高于裸地对照。间作区各处理间玫瑰茄花萼营养成分差异较小。【结论】全周期胶园林下间作玫瑰茄的产量性状和显现花萼降低明显,且间作区不同位置产量差异较大,各处理间玫瑰茄花萼品质差异不大。全周期胶园林下间作区W7?E7中间6 m的位置更适宜玫瑰茄的生长,宜获得较高产量,W7?W4,E7?E4位置可种植更耐阴作物,实现橡胶林下组合种植,使经济效益最大化。

【Objective】This paper aimed to analyze the plant development,yield and quality characteristics of Roselle(Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)intercropped under rubber plantation with paired row planting system(RPRRPS)and to understand their performance which would provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of rubber tree/Roselle intercropping pattern.【Method】Five observation areas were set up in the wide rows of RPRRPS.Under different light duration and intensity,the plant height,stem diameter,branch numbers,leave numbers,fruit number per plant,fruit weight,calyx yield,mineral elements and nutrient contents of the intercropped and monoculture Roselle were analyzed,and their yield and quality performance were evaluated.【Result】(i)E7 produced the highest number of branches and leaves per plant of Roselle in intercropping area,followed by MlO,W7,E4,and W4.(ii)Intercropping significantly depressed the fresh calyx yield of Roselle because of reduction in fruit number per plant and fruit weight.MlO produced the highest fruit weight of Roselle in intercropping area,which have no significant difference with that of monoculture.The fresh calyx yields of MlO,E7 and W7 were higher than E4 and W4.(iii)The contents of calcium,manganese,crude protein and total sugar in the calyx of Roselle in the intercropping area were significantly lower than those in the monoculture,but the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,iron,zinc and total flavonoid in the inter-cropping area were significantly higher than those in the bare field.【Conclusion】The intercropping under RPRRPS tended to reduce vegetative growth and calyx yield and yield components of Roselle.The calyx quality of intercrop Roselle had no significant difference among different treatments.The intercropping area between W7 and E7 was more suitable for the Roselle growth.Shade-tolerant crops could be planted at other intercropping area to achieve the maximum economic benefits.