安徽麦玉两熟区温光水资源分布特征及演变趋势

Allocation Characteristics of Heat,Light and Rainfall Resource and Its Variation Trend in Wheat-maize Double Cropping System in Anhui

【目的】本文探明了安徽沿淮及淮北地区温光水气候资源分布特征及演变趋势,为区域作物布局和气候资源高效利用提供理论和数据支撑。【方法】系统分析了安徽沿淮及淮北地区7个气象台站1960-2015年逐日的气温、光照、降雨气象资料,分析了小麦-玉米两熟种植模式周年和季节间的资源配置特征及演变趋势。【结果】1960-2015年安徽沿淮及淮北地区夏玉米生长季、冬小麦生长季和周年日平均温度平均每10年分别升高了0.02、0.27和0.21℃,日温差平均每10年下降了0.25、0.26和0.26℃,日最低温度升高是造成这一现象的主要原因。冬小麦生长季和周年≥O℃、≥10℃积温,平均每10年增加了60.84、54.88℃d和63.77、57.81℃d;夏玉米、冬小麦生长季和周年日照时数呈显著下降趋势,平均每10年分别降低了52.57、40.90和93.47 h;降雨量变化趋势不明显,年际间波动较大。【结论】生产上需要根据区域温、光、水气候资源的分布特征及演变趋势,优化周年气候资源配置,合理调整种植模式,提出该区域与自然资源适配的麦玉两熟种植资源高效优化利用模式。

【Objective】This paper aimed to clarify the allocation characteristics and variation trends of climatic resources in region along Hua-ihe river and Huaibei region,which would provide a theoretical and data support for adjusting agricultural crop layout and using resources more efficiently.【Method】By collecting the meteorological data(temperature,light and rainfall)from 7 local meteorological stations,the al-location characteristics and variation trends of heat,light and rainfall resources in wheat-maize double cropping system in Anhui were ana-lyzed.【Result】During the maize and winter wheat growing season and annual,the mean daily temperature increased by 0.02,0.27 and 0.21℃,and the diurnal range of temperature decreased by 0.25,0.26 and 0.26℃per ten years,respectively,due to rising minimum daily temperature.The accumulated temperature above 0 and 10℃increased markedly by 60.84,54.88℃d and 63.77,57.81℃d per ten years during winter wheat growing season and annual,respectively.The annual sunshine duration decreased by 52.57,40.90 and 93.47 hours per ten years during the maize and winter wheat growing season and annual,respectively.The rainfall fluctuated markedly and showed no regularity during the maize and winter wheat growing season and annual.【Conclusion】Based on the analysis,the reasonable cropping pattern of optimal resource allocation should be adopted according to the temperature,light and water climate resources allocation characteris-tics and variation trends,improving yield and resource use efficiency of wheat-maize double cropping system in region along Huaihe river and Huaibei region.