施用生物炭对亚热带红壤区土壤肥力及黑老虎生长的影响

Effects of Biochar Application on Soil Fertility and Growth of Kadsura coccinea in Subtropical Red Soil Regions

【目的】为提高黑老虎产量及品质,提高红壤肥力,本研究探讨在土壤中添加生物炭对黑老虎人工栽培和土壤肥力的影响。【方法】采用林下小区栽培试验,设置4个处理,分别为生物炭添加量10 t/hm^2(T1)、20 t/hm^2(T2)、30 t/hm^2(T3)和不添加生物炭(CK);试验过程中测定土壤指标,黑老虎生长和生产指标。【结果】施用生物炭能够改良红壤肥力状况,与对照相比,最高分别提高土壤全氮达13.3%,速效氮4.2%,有机质为20.4%,阳离子交换量为14.9%,土壤含水率为19.5%,全磷为65.3%,pH为46.1%。施用生物炭可以显著提高黑老虎生长和根药用品质,与对照相比,最高分别提高黑老虎株高达15.6%,地径为13.8%,生物量为25.8%,根总木脂素含量为43.0%。【结论】施用生物炭能够改善土壤状况,保水保肥,提高黑老虎产量,促进黑老虎药用成分的累积,是黑老虎在我国南方亚热带红壤区林下推广的良好栽培措施。

【Objective】In order to improve the yield and quality of coccinea and promote the fertility of red soil,this study was to ex plore the effects of adding biochar into red soil on the artificial cultivation of K.coccinea and soil fertility.【Method】Four treatments,10 t/hm^2(T1),20 t/hm^2(T2),30 t/hm^2(T3)of biochar addition and no addition of biochar(CK),were set up in the cultivation experiment of undergrowth district.During the experiment,soil index,K.coccinea growth and production index were measured.【Result】It showed that the application of biochar could improve the fertility of red soil.Compared with the control,the highest increase was 13.3% in the soil total nitrogen,4.2%in available nitrogen,20.4%in organic matters,14.9% in cation exchange,19.5%in soil moisture,65.3%in total phosphorus and 46.I%in pH.The application of biochar can significantly improve the growth and root medicinal quality of K.coccinea.Compared with the control,the K.coccinea height was the highest increased by 15.6%,the ground diameter 3.8%,the biomass 25.8%,the total lignan content 43.0%.【Conclusion】The application of biochar can improve the soil condition,maintain moisture and fertility and increase the yield,and promote the accumulation of medicinal components of K.coccinea.It is a good cultivation measure to promote K.coccinea planting technology under the forest in subtropical red soil region of southern China.