加拿大一枝黄花生境中昆虫群落特征分析及优势天敌筛选

Analysis of Insect at Habitat in Solidago canadensis L. and Selection of Dominant Natural Enemies

【目的】为探究天敌昆虫防控加拿大一枝黄花的可行性,明确长沙县黄花镇郭公渡郭公组入侵加拿大一枝黄花生境中昆虫群落结构特征及动态变化。【方法】于2017年5-11月在加拿大一枝黄花成片爆发区采用扫网法、样方法及目测法进行了昆虫群落调查;利用Shannon-Wiener指数、Hulbert种间相遇概率等多样性指数对昆虫群落及功能群的物种多样性进行测度与分析,以捕捉昆虫开展了寄主专一性测试和控害效果试验。【结果】研究区昆虫包含9目34科49种。通过实验室饲养,发现有9种昆虫取食加拿大一枝黄花,其中白条银纹夜蛾(Argyrogoamma albostriata)和菊方翅网蝽(Corythucha marmorata)的发生时期与加拿大一枝黄花的发生时期相近,防控加拿大一枝黄花的效果明显。白条银纹夜蛾幼虫期平均每只取食加拿大一枝黄花约95.937 cm^2;菊方翅网蝽吸食加拿大一枝黄花汁液,能有效控制其产量,严重时能使加拿大一枝黄花地上部分干枯。20科35种植物的寄主专一性测试发现,菊方翅网蝽食性广而杂,虽对加拿大一枝黄花的生长有较强的抑制能力,但不宜作为生物防治物种应用,而白条银纹夜蛾幼虫在非选择条件下仅取食两种菊科测试植物,且对加拿大一枝黄花表现出明显的取食偏好,是防控加拿大一枝黄花首选天敌昆虫。【结论】经过筛选研究,白条银纹夜蛾幼虫作为加拿大一枝黄花天敌昆虫,适合用于生物防控加拿大一枝黄花,菊方翅网蝽对加拿大一枝黄花的生防潜力还有待进一步研究。研究结果对科学防控加拿大一枝黄花的危害具有指导作用。

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the natural enemy of biological control for the invasive specie Solidago canadensis and clear the characteristics and dynamic changes of the insect community in the habitat of Solidago canadensis,changsha county.【Method】The insect community survey was carried out in the outbreak area of Solidago canadensis from May to November,2017,using sweeping method,sample method and visual method.The species diversity of insect communities and functional groups were measured by using diversity indexes such as Shannon-Wiener index and Hulbert interspecies encounter probability through field investigation and catching insects,laboratory feeding,host-specific testing and control effects.【Result】The results showed that there were 49 species of 9 orders,33 families.Nine species of insect were found to be fed on 5.canadensis,including the Argyrogoamma albostriata and the Corythucha marmorata which had similar occurrence and obvious effect to 5.canadensis.Average feeding 95.937 cm^2 of 5.canadensis was fed by per larva of A.albostriata.C.marmorata could effectively control 5.canadensis.The host-specific test of 35 species in 20 families showed that C.marmorata had a wide and complex diet although it had a good inhibitory effect on 5.canadensis,but it is not suitable for a biological control species.However,A.albostriata only fed on two test species of Asteraceae under non-selective conditions with obvious feeding preference to S.canadensis.It should be the first choice natural enemy insect against 5.canadensis.【Conclusion】Through screening and research,the larva of argylla argylla,as the natural enemy of Solidago canadensis,is suitable for biological control of Solidago canadensis.The results of the study has a scientific guiding role for scientific control of 5.canadensis.