生物有机肥对小麦根腐病的防效及其机理初探

Preliminary Study on Control Effect and Mechanism of Bioorganic Fertilizers on Wheat Root Rot

为研究生物有机肥对小麦根腐病的防效并初步分析其影响机理,采用盆栽试验法,分析微生物菌有机肥、复合生物有机肥、商品有机肥和发酵干鸡粪对小麦根腐病的防治效果以及对土壤酶活性、土壤养分和作物产量等的影响。结果表明,复合生物有机肥和微生物菌有机肥对小麦根腐病的防效分别为29.38%和27.91%,明显优于其他肥料;施用有机肥均能明显提高小麦根部土壤中脲酶、中性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶的活性,显著增加土壤速效养分含量,且以复合生物有机肥和微生物菌有机肥处理土壤的磷酸酶活性和有效磷含量增幅最大;复合生物有机肥能显著促进小麦生长,其株高、地上干重、根干重、穗粒数、千粒重、产量分别较对照增加8.08%、37.32%、37.50%、14.27%、17.16%和40.77%,差异均达到显著水平,微生物菌有机肥处理的地上干重也显著高于对照。总之,复合生物有机肥和微生物菌有机肥能有效提高土壤中性磷酸酶活性,促进磷素循环,增强拮抗和有益微生物对禾谷镰孢菌的抗性并促进小麦生长。

In order to study the control effect of bioorganic fertilizer on wheat root rot(Bipolaris sorokiniana)and preliminary analyze the influence mechanism,control effect of no organic fertilizer(control),microbial organic fertilizer,compound bioorganic fertilizer,commercial organic fertilizer,fermented dried chicken manure on wheat root rot and their effect on soil enzyme activity,soil nutrient and crop yield were studied by pot experiment method.The results showed that the control effect of compound bioorganic fertilizer and microbial organic fertilizer on wheat root rot was 29.38%and 27.91%,respectively,and their control effect was better than other fertilizers.The application of organic fertilizer could obviously improve the activities of urease,neutral phosphatase and sucrase in the rhizospheric soil,and significantly increase the contents of available nutrients in the soil,and the increase of phosphatase activity and available phosphorus in the soil treated with compound bioorganic fertilizer and microbial organic fertilizer was the largest.Compound bioorganic fertilizer could significantly promote the growth of wheat.The plant height,dry weight above ground,root dry weight,grain number per spike,thousand grain weight and yield were significantly increased by 8.08%,37.32%,37.50%,14.27%,17.16%and 40.77%,respectively,compared with the control.The dry weight above ground treated with microbial organic fertilizer was also significantly higher than that of the control.The results showed that the two kinds of bioorganic fertilizers:compound bioorganic fertilizer and microbial organic fertilizer,could effectively improve the activity of neutral phosphatase in soil,promote phosphorus cycle,enhance the resistance of antagonistic and beneficial microorganisms to Fusarium graminearum and promote the growth of wheat.