平欧杂种榛果实生长动态与品质分析

Fruit Growth and Development Dynamics and Quality Analysis of Corylus heterophylla×C.avellana

【目的】研究平欧杂种榛果实发育动态,为大果榛子在新疆的栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以平欧杂种榛达维、玉坠、平欧110号、平欧15号、辽榛3号5个品种为材料,对其果实发育过程中的三径、单果质量(鲜果重和单果重)、果仁三径、果仁质量、果壳厚度、果腔系数进行测定,评价不同品种果实的发育特点及品质差异。【结果】榛子单果三径、干果质量和果仁三径表现为逐渐增加趋势,8月19日果实成熟,果实鲜重6月10日前增长缓慢,6月10日~7月10日快速增长,之后变慢。达维和平欧110号的单果大,与其他品种有明显差异。平欧110号的果腔系数为0.70,果壳厚为1.71,达维和玉坠果腔系数分别为0.78和0.81,果壳厚分为1.62和1.48,果仁饱满,壳薄。【结论】果实的三径和干果质量呈单“S”形生长曲线,鲜果质量则呈“慢-快-慢”的生长趋势。5个品种以平欧110号单果最大,达维其次,达维果仁较饱满,果壳较薄,品质最好。

【Objective】To study the developmental dynamics of hazelnut fruits of Pingyou hybrid in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the optimal cultivation of hazelnut in Xinjiang.【Method】Three diameters,single fruit fresh weight and nut fresh weight,shell thickness and fruit cavity coefficient were observed during the fruit development by taking Dawei,uzhui,Pingyou 110,Pingyou 15 and Liaozhen 3 as experimental materials.【Result】The three-diameter per fruit,dry fruit quality and kernel of hazelnut increased gradually until the fruit got ripe on August 19.The fresh weight of hazelnut increased slowly before June 10,and increased rapidly from June 10 to July 10,and then slowed down.The single fruit of Dawei and Pingyou 110 was large,but the coefficients of cavity of Pingyou 110 were 0,70 and the thickness of the shell was 1.71.The coefficients of cavity of Dawei and Yuzhui were 0.78 and 0.81,respectively and their kernels were full and their shells were thin.【Conclusion】The three-diameter of fruit showed a single"S"growth curve,while the fresh fruit showed a"slow-fast-slow"growth trend.Among the five varieties of Pingou hybrid hazelnut,'Dawei'has the largest single fruit,fuller kernels,thinner shell and the best quality.