黑附球菌YP1分泌物的广谱抗霉菌活性和化学成分多样性分析

The analysis of broad anti-mold activity and chemical ingredient diversity of Epicoccum nigrum YP1 secretion

霉菌的滋生是导致果蔬、粮食和食品腐败变质的主要原因之一。采用黑根霉孢子萌发抑制法从70个真菌菌株中初步筛选到一株对黑根霉的孢子萌发具有强烈抑制效果的真菌菌株YP1,通过ITS序列遗传学鉴定结合形态学特征将其鉴定为附球孢菌属的黑附球菌(Epicoccum nigrum,又名Epicoccum purpurascens,同物异名)。从YP1发酵液中制备的橙黄色固体分泌物对常见霉菌的孢子萌发和菌落生长都具有非常显著的抑制能力,显示出广谱的抗霉菌活性,进一步的对比研究证明,分泌物抑制霉菌和其他多孢子真菌的生长是通过抑制孢子萌发实现的,对真菌菌丝的生长没有影响,产孢早而多的真菌尤其是霉菌生长更易受到分泌物的抑制。高压液相色谱分析显示该橙黄色分泌物由10种成分组成,经质谱分析鉴定出其中3种成分的化学组成,均为由C、H、N、O四种元素组成的化合物,其余7种未鉴定出的成分很可能属于新化合物。YP1外分泌物可以作为新的抗霉菌剂资源,用于果蔬、食品的保鲜防腐,在植物病害的防治领域也显示出很好的应用潜力。

The mold infection is the major factor which causes the spoilage of fruits,vegetables,cereals and food.A fungus strain YP1 was selected from 70 fungus strains by Rhizopus nigricans spore germinating inhibition and it showed strong inhibition effect on Rhizopus nigricans spore germination.It was characterized as Epicoccum nigrum by ITS sequence genetic characterization and morphologic features.The orange solid secretion from YP1 fermented broth showed greatly notable inhibitive ability to spore germination and colony expansion of the common molds,showing broad anti-mold activity.The further contrast experiments proved YP1 secretion inhibits the growth of common molds and other multi-spore fungi by means of inhibiting the spore germination,and the secretion showed no effect on the growth of fungal hyphae.The growth of fungi which produced spores early and plenty,especially the common molds,was more seriously inhibited by the secretion.HPLC analysis showed the secretion was composed of 10 kinds of ingredients,of which 3 were chemically determined,consisted of C,H,N,O by MS analysis.The rest 7 probably belonged to new chemical compounds.The secretion might be used as new anti-mold agent in the preservation of fruits,vegetables,and food,it also showed good prospect in plant disease control.