黔桂地区4种松类种实性状分析

Analysis of Cone and Seed Traits of Four Pines in Guangxi and Guizhou

通过研究马尾松(Pinus massoniana)、细叶云南松(Pinus Yunnanensis var.tenuifolia)、拉雅松(Pinus crassicorticea)、大明松(Pinus taiwanensis var.damingshanensis)的种实性状,分析这4种松树的繁育对策及交配系统状况,为4种松类的利用与保护提供重要参考。研究结果表明,不同松类在繁殖营养投入上存在种间差异,树种内不同家系间在种实性状上也存在丰富的遗传变异。分析4种松树在繁殖上的投入与产出,发现松树对繁殖营养的投入受所在生境影响较大,交配系统的效率则主要受群体规模和分布集中程度影响。4种松树因所处生境和分布状况的不同,各自进化出与之相适应的繁育对策。生境和交配系统均处于良好状态的马尾松可以有条件形成“低投入高产出”的繁育对策。生境不良且花粉来源严重不足的拉雅松形成了“高投入弥补低效率”的繁育对策。生境不良但花粉来源充足的细叶云南松则采用降低球果数量、提高单枚球果营养投入的对策,保障种子的生存力。生境最差、群体最小的大明松虽然在繁殖上投入与产出均很小,但足以保障种群在有限的生存空间里正常繁衍。

Cone and seed traits of Pinus massoniana,Pinus Yunnanensis var.tenuifolia,Pinus crassicorticea and Pinus taiwanensis var.damingshanensis were analyzed to reveal breeding strategies and mating system of these four pine species,which could provide conferences for utilization and protection of four pine species.Results showed that there were differences in reproductive nutrition input among different pine species,and there were also abundant genetic variations in cone and seed traits among different families within tree species.By analyzing input and output of four kinds of pines in reproduction,it was found that input of reproductive nutrition was greatly affected by habitats.Efficiency of mating system was mainly affected by population size and distribution concentration.Because of different habitats and distribution conditions,four pine species have evolved corresponding breeding strategies.P.massoniana with good habitat and mating system could form breeding strategy of“low input and high output”.P.crassicorticea with poor habitat and serious shortage of pollen sources have formed breeding strategy of“high input to compensate for low efficiency”.P.yunnanensis var.tenuifolia with poor habitat and abundant pollen sources adopted the strategy of reducing cone number and increasing nutrient input of single cone to ensure seed viability.P.taiwanensis var.damingshanensis with the worst habitat and the smallest population had small input and output in reproduction,but was enough to ensure normal reproduction of the population in limited living space.