基于分光计的光栅衍射和双棱镜综合实验设计

A design for comprehensive experiments of grating diffraction and biprism experiments based on spectrometer

分光计的调整和使用实验、光栅衍射实验以及双棱镜干涉实验是目前国内大多数高校开设的实验项目,同时这3个实验也是全国中学生物理竞赛的实验考试内容.本文通过将这3个实验进行有机融合,提出了一套在分光计上实现光栅及双棱镜参数测量的综合实验方案.该实验方案可以实现诸如双棱镜楔角及折射率、光栅常数等物理参数的测量.本文还对提出的综合实验方案进行了可行性分析.本文提出的综合性实验方案,一方面可加强学生对常用光学仪器的掌握和使用能力;另一方面,针对计划参加全国中学生物理竞赛的中学生而言,也可以作为一套实验技能检验的方案.

Currently,the experiments of adjusting and using of spectrometer,grating diffraction and biprism interference are the items carried on in most of the universities in China.Besides,these three experiments are also the contents of the national high school physics competition.In this paper,by integrating these three experiments,a comprehensive experiment of measuring the grating and the biprism parameters based on spectrometer is proposed.This experiment can realize the measurements of physical parameters,such as biprism wedge angle,refractive index,and grating constant.Furthermore,its feasibility is also analyzed.The proposed scheme should strengthen students ability to use the optical instruments and also can be used as a set of experimental skills of testing program to the high school students who planed to participate in the national middle school physics competition.