汉语双音节离合动词能产性分析——以《汉语动词用法词典》为例

A Case Study on the Productivity of Chinese Double-syllable Separable Veerrbbss:Exemplified with The Dictionary of Chinese Verb Usages

离合性是指语言中某个整体成分可被分开的特性。汉语双音节动词在离合性上存在一定的差异。以《汉语动词用法词典》为语料来源,先对该词典中的双音节动词做穷尽性分析,然后将《汉语动词用法词典》中的双音节动词与《现代汉语离合词学习词典》《现代汉语离合词用法词典》进行交叉对比,以选取三本词典中有共性的、并集的动词性离合词的方式筛选出《汉语动词用法词典》中的双音节离合词,观察双音节动词内部结构和离析后短语结构在能产性上的差异,试图对汉语双音节离合动词的离合类型及其能产性进行探讨。研究发现双音节动词内部结构能产性主要表现为动宾结构高于动补结构;双音节动词离析后结构主要表现为“离析后动词带后缀”或“A+了(其他形式)+B”的能产性最高。

The separable feature refers to a unit can be separated in languages,which shows some varieties in Chinese double-syllable verbs.With The Dictionary of Chinese Verb Usages as our data sources,an exhaustive study of double-syllable verbs in the dictionary is conducted,and then a comparison with other two dictionaries,The Dictionary of Modern Chinese Separable Words Learning and The Dictionary of Modern Chinese Separable Words Usages,is formulated.The shared and common double-syllable verbs of these three dictionaries are selected to observe the internal structure of double-syllable verbs and the differences on productivity of when the word separates,aiming to discuss the separable types of Chinese double-syllable separable verbs and its productivity.The results show the productivity of verb-object structure in the internal structure of double-syllable verbs is higher than verb-complement structure;and the structure of"verb-affix"or"A+le(other forms)+B"has the highest productivity when the double-syllable verbs are separated.