类型学视野下哈萨克语直接宾语宾格标记显隐研究

Research on Visibility of Direct Object in Kazakh Language from the Perspective of Typology

在现代哈萨克语中,直接宾语拥有显性和隐性两种格标记形式。运用语义靠近原理和可别度原理进行研究,发现直接宾语的可别度及其与核心词之间的距离是影响宾格标记显隐的两大因素;直接宾语只有在紧临核心词、可别度较高的情况下,才能省略宾格词尾,采用隐性标记。对特定语言而言,采用隐性宾格标记蕴含着直接宾语与谓语动词在语序上为零距离这一现象。

In modern Kazakh language,direct objects have two types of explicit and implicit tagging.By applying the semantic proximity principle and the principle of alternative degree,we found that the possible degree of direct object and its distance from the core words should be the two major factors affecting the appearance and significance of the mark;the direct object is only in close proximity.If the core words and the alternatives are relatively high,implicit marks can be used.In addition,we also propose that such a commonality implies that,for a given language the use of implicit tags implies that direct objects and predicate verbs are zero-distance in word order.