区域土壤侵蚀遥感抽样调查方法

Sampling Survey Method of Regional Soil Erosion Based on Remote Sensing Images

土壤侵蚀是全球性环境问题,土壤侵蚀调查是水土保持规划和生态文明建设的科学基础。为了完善土壤侵蚀抽样调查方法,快速、精准地估算土壤侵蚀实际速率,对基于高分辨率遥感影像进行目视解译,提取高精度土地利用和水土保持措施信息的方法进行了研究。基于现代地理信息科学,充分利用虚拟地球及其提供的公开高分辨率遥感数据资源,考虑土壤侵蚀及其治理的时空特征,采用分层不等概系统空间抽样方法布设抽样单元,通过对公开高分辨率遥感影像的目视解译,完成泛第三极地区土地利用和水保措施的遥感抽样调查。研究实现了2万个抽样调查单元的解译,提取了土地利用和水土保持措施信息;基于CSLE模型完成了典型抽样调查单元的土壤流失速率计算,并对解译结果进行了精度和实用性分析。结果表明:基于公开高分辨率遥感影像、利用分层不等概系统空间抽样方法,可快速提取土地利用和水土保持措施信息,完成区域土壤侵蚀抽样调查。

Soil erosion is one of server global environmental problems,soil erosion survey is the scientific basis for soil and water conservation.In order to improve the methods applied in soil erosion sampling survey,and to calculate soil erosion rates accurately and rapidly,the interpretation methods for land use and soil conservation measures were studied based on the high spatial resolution remote sensing images.The sampling design was developed using a stratified variable probability systematic sampling method in which spatiotemporal characteristics of soil erosion and conservation were derived based on the GISci,virtual global tool,and finer resolution images accessible in Google Earth.Land use and soil conservation measures in the sampling units were interpreted from the open access,high-resolution remote sensing images using visual interpretation.More than 20 thousand sampling units were interpreted,then the information on the land use and soil conservation measures was extracted;the soil erosion rate was calculated using CSLE for some of the units,and the accuracy and applicability of the interpretation results were analyzed.The results showed that this sampling survey method could be used for the soil erosion survey in the very large region.The information about land use and soil conservation measures could be interpreted based on open access,fine resolution remote sensing images,and the stratified variable probability systematic sampling method.