不同有机替代减肥方式对玉米生长及土壤肥力的影响

Effects of Different Organic Substitution Reducing Fertilizer Patterns on Maize Growth and Soil Fertility

研究不同有机替代减肥方式对玉米生长及土壤肥力的影响,为玉米生产中减肥增效提供经济可行的施肥方案和理论依据。通过大田试验,设置不施肥空白(CK)、常规施肥(CF)、腐植酸有机肥+氮肥减量10%+磷钾肥(HF)、肥料增效剂+氮肥减量10%+磷钾肥(BN)、商品有机肥+氮肥减量10%+磷钾肥(OF)5个处理。结果表明:较CF处理,HF、BN和OF处理促进了玉米的生长,增加不同生育期的玉米株高和茎粗;有效改善玉米穗部性状和产量构成,玉米产量分别增加了11.12%,6.47%,14.43%,净收益分别增加了217.24,564.99,-506.46元/hm^2;提高玉米生育期内的土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量;提高了肥料利用率、养分偏生产力和养分农学利用效率,其中氮肥分别显著提高了8.15%,9.34%,14.08%(P<0.05),钾肥分别显著提高15.92%,21.13%,29.36%(P<0.05)。因此,HF和BN处理可以促进玉米生长,增产增效,提高肥料利用率和土壤肥力,为有玉米生产中减肥增效提供了经济可行的施肥方案和理论依据。

The effects of different organic substitution reducing fertilizer patterns on maize(Zea Mays L.)growth and soil fertility were studied,which provided economic and feasible fertilization scheme and theoretical basis for reducing fertilization and increasing benefits in maize production.Five treatments were set up in the field experiments,which were no fertilizer(CK),conventional fertilization(CF),humic acid organic fertilizer+reduction of 10%nitrogen fertilizer+phosphate and potassium fertilizer(HF),fertilizer synergist+reduction of 10%nitrogen fertilizer+phosphate and potassium fertilizer(BN),commercial organic fertilizer+reduction of 10%nitrogen fertilizer+phosphate and potassium fertilizer(OF).The results showed that compared with CF,HF,BN and OF promoted maize growth,increased plant height and stem diameter at different growth stages.Meanwhile,HF,BN and OF effectively improved maize ear traits and yield components,maize yield increased by 11.12%,6.47%and 14.43%,respectively,net income per hectare increased by 217.24 yuan,564.99 yuan and-506.46 yuan.The above three treatments increased the contents of soil alkaline nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP)and available potassium(AK)in the growth period of maize,and increased fertilizer recovery efficiency(RE),partial factor productivity(PFP)and agronomic use efficiency(AUE).Among them,the recovery efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased by 8.15%,9.34%and 14.08%(P<0.05),respectively,and potassium fertilizer significantly increased by 15.92%,21.13%and 29.36%(P<0.05),respectively.Therefore,HF and BN treatments could promote maize growth,increase yield and efficiency,improve fertilizer use efficiency and soil fertility,and provide economical and feasible fertilization scheme and theoretical basis for reducing fertilization and increasing benefits in maize production.