溶磷真菌的筛选及配施难溶态磷对土壤磷素有效性的影响

Screening of Phosphorus Solubilizing Fungi and the Effects of Combined Application of Insoluble Phosphorus on Soil Phosphorus Availability

为研究溶磷真菌菌群对土壤磷素有效性的影响,首先在室内对3株不同种类溶磷真菌(1株属于被孢霉属Z1,1株为青霉属Z2,1株为黑曲霉Z3)的组合效应进行了研究,确定了最佳的菌株组合Z1+Z2+Z3,试验选用Z1、Z2、Z3组成菌群作为试验菌株;然后通过盆栽油菜试验研究溶磷真菌配施难溶态磷(磷酸三钙和磷矿粉)对土壤磷素有效性的影响。结果表明:溶磷真菌处理土壤有效磷、有机质、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶含量和油菜产量分别比基质处理显著增加了60.00%,20.21%,56.45%,53.81%,14.38%,溶磷真菌配施难溶态磷上述各指标都高于单施溶磷真菌处理;单施溶磷真菌对土壤最大吸磷量的影响与基质无差异,溶磷真菌配施难溶态磷可以显著降低土壤最大吸磷量,溶磷真菌+磷酸三钙和溶磷真菌+磷矿粉处理土壤最大吸磷量比溶磷真菌处理显著减少158.7,47.6 mg/kg,溶磷真菌各处理土壤吸附常数都低于对应的基质处理,溶磷真菌可以降低土壤对磷的吸附。在土壤上溶磷真菌应与难溶态磷配合施用,对提高土壤磷素有效性有积极的作用。

In order to study the effect of phosphorus solubilizing fungal flora on phosphorus availability in soil,firstly,the combined effects of three different kinds of phosphorus solubilizing fungi(1 strain belonged to Mortierella Z1,1 strain belonged to Penicillium Z2 and 1 strain belonged to Aspergillus niger Z3)were studied in the laboratory,and then the best strain combination Z1+Z2+Z3 was determined,and Z1,Z2 and Z3 flora were selected as test strains in the experiment.Then,the potted rapeseed experiment was conducted to study the effect of phosphorus solubilizing fungi combined with insoluble phosphorus(tricalcium phosphate and phosphate rock powder)on phosphorus availability in soil.The results showed that the contents of soil available phosphorus,organic matter,alkaline phosphatase,invertase and rapeseed yield of phosphorus solublilizing fungi treatment significantly increased by 60.00%,20.21%,56.45%,53.81%and 14.38%,respectively,compared with substrate treatment.The above indicators of the treatment of phosphorus solubilizing fungi combined with insoluble phosphorus were higher than those of single application of phosphorus solubilizing fungi.There was no difference in the soil maximum phosphorus uptake between phosphorus solubilizing fungi treatment and substrate treatment.Phosphorus solubilizing fungi combined with insoluble soluble phosphorus could significantly reduce the soil maximum phosphorus uptake.The maximum phosphorus uptake of phosphorus solubilizing fungi+tricalcium phosphate treatment and phosphorus solubilizing fungi+phosphate rock powder treatment significantly decreased by 158.7 and 47.6 mg/kg compared with phosphorus solubilizing fungi treatment.Soil adsorption constants of the phosphorus solubilizing fungi were lower than those of corresponding substrate treatments.Phosphorus solubilizing fungi could reduce phosphorus adsorption by soil.The results showed that the phosphorus solubilizing fungi should be combined with insoluble phosphorus,which had a positive effect on improving soil phosphorus availability.