大客车侧面碰撞建模与仿真分析

Modeling and Simulation Analysis of Side Crash on Bus

针对客车在行驶途中出现的侧面碰撞安全性问题,相关法规不完善。以某半承载式公交客车为例,对现有的ECER95移动壁障进行配重、位置调整建立客车侧面碰撞有限元模型,分析客车在30km/h、50 km/h碰撞初速下碰撞过程中的能量、乘员头部及骨盆加速度、生存空间变形及侧围吸能。仿真结果表明,客车碰撞过程满足能量守恒定律,乘员头部和骨盆最大加速度为17.7g、13.96g,生存空间测量点最大变形为387.5mm,损伤参数值均在乘用车乘员保护法规参考值范围内,侧围腰立柱和横梁吸为主要吸能部件。根据仿真分析提出客车侧围轻量化设计方案,将50 km/h作为客车侧面碰撞试验速度具有可行性。

For the bus in the way of running on the side of the collision safety issues,the relevant laws and regulations are not perfect.Taking the semi-loadable bus as an example,the existing ECER95 mobile barrier is used to carry out the counterweight and position adjustment.The finite element model of the passenger's side impact is established.The bus is analyzed during the collision at 30km/h and 50km/h of the energy,the crew head and pelvic acceleration,living space deformation and lateral energy absorption.The simulation results show that the maximum acceleration of the passenger's head and pelvis is 17.7g and 13.96g,the maximum deformation of the living space is 387.5mm,and the damage parameter value is in the passenger car protection regulations reference range Inside,side of the waist column and beam suction as the main energy absorption components.According to the simulation results,the design scheme of light weight of passenger side,it is proposed that 50 km/h is feasible for the side crash test speed of passenger cars.