渤海国上京龙泉府宫城遗址苔藓植物调查与区系分析

The Investigation and Bryoflora Analysis in Miyagi Relics of Shangjing Longquanfu,Balhae,China

渤海国上京龙泉府宫城遗址是可展现我国盛唐原始风貌的核心区之一,具有重大的科考价值.苔藓植物分布广泛,常附生于遗址本体表面.通过对古都遗址苔藓植物标本采集与分类学鉴定,分析了其科、属、种组成和区系成分特点.结果表明:共记录苔藓植物35种,其中苔纲植物1种,藓纲植物34种(隶属于7科17属).在科、属层面,优势科为青藓科(Brachytheciaceae)、丛藓科(Pottiaceae)及真藓科(Bryaceae),总种数占比68.57%;单种科和寡种科占一定比例,区系具有一定的古老性.优势属为青藓属(Brachythecium Bruch&Schimp.)和绢藓属(Entodon Müll.Hal.);单种属和寡种属构成主体,总种数占比62.86%,是物种多样性的主要来源,区系具有一定的复杂性.在种的层面,共划分为7个区系地理成分,以东亚成分占主体地位(占36.36%),北温带成分和中国特有成分也占相当比例(各占24.24%).通过与其他4个遗址遗迹的对比分析发现,宫城遗址苔藓植物物种相似性与五大连池新期火山最为接近,研究结果为遗址的保护提供科学依据.

The miyagi relics of Shangjing Longquanfu in Balhae have great scientific value,because it is the centre exhibited primitive style of prosperous Tang Dynasty.Bryophytes distribute widely,and often attach on surface of the relics.Based on field investigation,specimen collection and taxonomic identification of bryophytes in miyagi relics,the species composition and floristic characteristics are analyzed.Results show that in the field of historical relics protection,the species richness of bryophytes in miyagi relics is higher relatively.A total of 35 species are recorded,including 1 species in Hepatiae and 34 species in Musci(17 genera of 7 families).Dominant familis are Brachytheciaceae,Pottiaceae and Bryaceae,with propotion 68.57%in total.Dominant genus are Brachythecium B.S.G.,Entodon Müll.Hall.,Bryum Hedw.,Eurhynchium B.S.G.,Brachymenium Schwaegr.and Schwetschkea Müll.Hall.,altogether with propotion 65.71%.All of the species belong to 7 geographical components at the species level,in which East Asian elements are predominant(36.36%).North temperate elements and Endemic to China types account for a considerable proportion(24.24%each).Compared with other 5 sites,species similarity coefficient of miyagi relics is closet to that of Wudalianchi new-period volcano.The results of this study will provide a scientific basis for the protection of miyagi relics of Shangjing Longquanfu.