基于GIS和空间统计的民族混居地区居民点分布格局——以赣东北樟坪、太源畲族乡为例

The Distribution Pattern of Human Settlements in Ethnic Mixed Areas Based on GIS and Spatial Statistics——A Case Study of Zhangping and Taiyuan She Nationality Township in Northeast Jiangxi Province

民族混居地区居民点的空间分布具有特殊的形态和主导因素.该文选取中国东南部地区主要的少数民族——畲族作为研究对象,以赣东北樟坪、太源畲族乡为案例区域,利用GIS分析和空间统计方法定量化研究了该地区畲族和汉族居民点的地理分异特征以及空间分布格局的差异.结果显示:汉族居民点海拔均值为396.6 m、畲族居民点海拔均值为472.2 m,畲族分布区域高于汉族,并且小于200 m的平原地区没有畲族居民点分布.距水源800 m范围内汉族居民点占71%、畲族占29%,畲族与汉族居民点在水源分异上具有明显的差异,汉族居民点更接近于水源.样方分析、最近邻指数分析的结果显示汉族和畲族居民点在空间分布格局上都是属于聚集状态,但畲族居民点的分布较汉族更为聚集;汉族居民点的距离期望值为1 028 m,畲族居民点的距离期望值为808 m.Ripley′s K函数反映出畲族居民点在260~3 200 m尺度范围内呈聚集状态、汉族居民点在0~3 900 m尺度范围内为聚集状态;这说明畲族的分布更为集中,在一定空间尺度下分布有更密集的居民点,但分布区域小于汉族.标准差椭圆的分析显示畲族中心位于全体中心点的东北、汉族中心位于全体中心点的西南;畲族居民点的标准差椭圆面积为55.9 km^2,汉族居民点的标准差椭圆面积为100.9 km^ 2.核密度估计显示畲族有2个主要的聚集区域,居民点密度为1.25个·km^-2;汉族居民点主要沿河流呈条带状展布,聚集区域的居民点密度为1.68个·km^-2.

The spatial distribution of settlements in ethnic mixed areas has a special distribution pattern and dominant factor. The main minority of Southeastern China,She nationality is selected as research subjects,and Zhangping and Taiyuan She nationality township in Northeast Jiangxi province is taken as study area,using GIS analysis and spatial statistical methods to quantitatively study the geographical differentiation and the spatial distribution pattern of the She and Han settlements in this area. The results show that the mean elevation of the Han settlements is396. 6 m,the mean elevation of the She settlements is 472. 2 m,the distribution area of the She is higher than that of the Han,and there is no She settlements distribution in the plain areas of less than 200 m. Within 800 m from the water source,Han settlements account for 71% and She settlements account for 29%. There is a clear pattern difference between the She and Han in the water source differentiation and the Han settlements are closer to the water source. The results of quadrat analysis and nearest neighbor index show that Han and She settlements are aggregated in the spatial distribution pattern,but the distribution of She settlements is more concentrated than that of Han. The expected distance of Han settlements is 1 028 m and the expected distance of the She is 808 m. The Ripley’ s K function reflects that the settlements of She nationality is aggregated in the range of 260 ~ 3 200 m and that of Han is 0 ~ 3 900 m which indicates that the distribution of She is more concentrated and distributed more densely under a certain spatial scale,but the distribution area is smaller than the Han nationality. The analysis of standard deviation ellipse shows that the center of She settlements is located in the northeast of the whole central point,and the center of Han settlements is located in the southwest of the whole central point. The standard deviation elliptic area of She nationality is 55. 9 km2 and that of Han nationality is 100. 9 km2. Kernel density estimation show that there are two main areas of concentration of She settlements with a density of 1. 25 km-2. Han settlements are mainly distributed along the river with a density of 1. 68 km-2.