2种淀粉型甘薯生长发育规律及产量、品质差异分析

Two Kinds of Starch Type Sweet Potatoes: Differential Analysis of the Growth and Development Rule and Yield & Quality

为满足高产优质甘薯品种的市场需求,加快淀粉型甘薯新品系‘泰薯15’的选育推广,以‘济薯25’为对照,对‘泰薯15’的不同发育时期生物学特性变化及产量、品质进行分析研究。结果表明,在生物学特性上,2个品种(系)的蔓长及茎粗在栽苗后40~100天基本呈现持续升高趋势,‘泰薯15’茎粗明显大于‘济薯25’;单株茎叶鲜重及单株叶面积均呈现先升高后下降的趋势,并在栽苗后80天达到峰值;单株鲜薯重和单薯重在栽苗后均呈现持续升高的趋势,‘泰薯15’的单株鲜薯重明显大于‘济薯25’;T/R值在栽苗后持续下降,块根膨大速率在栽苗后80~100天达到最大值。在产量及品质性状上,‘泰薯15’鲜薯产量及可溶性总糖含量均明显高于‘济薯25’,其鲜薯产量达到38951.40 kg/hm2,增产幅度为17.76%,可溶性总糖含量为74.07 mg/(g·DW);2个品种(系)间干率及淀粉含量差异较小,‘泰薯15’干率和淀粉含量分别为29.37%、756.07 mg/(g·DW),综合表现较好。

To meet the market need for high yield and good quality sweet potato cultivars and accelerate the breeding and popularization of a new line of starch type sweet potato‘Taishu 15’,in this experiment,‘Jishu 25’was used as the control to analyze the changes of biological characteristics at different developmental stages,and yield and quality of‘Taishu 15’.The results showed that,for the biological characteristics,the length of vine and stem diameter of the two cultivars(lines)had a continuous increase trend after planting 40-100 d,and the stem diameter of‘Taishu 15’was obviously greater than that of‘Jishu 25’.The fresh weight of stem and leaf per plant,the leaf area per plant both had a trend of first increase and then decrease,and reached the peak value at 80 d after planting.The potato fresh weight per plant and single potato weight increased continuously after planting,and the potato fresh weight per plant of‘Taishu 15’was significantly greater than that of‘Jishu 25’.The T/R value continued to decrease after planting,while the storage root thickening rate reached the maximum of 80-100 d after planting.For yield and quality,the fresh potato yield and total soluble sugar content of‘Taishu 15’were all significantly higher than that of‘Jishu 25’,and its fresh potato yield reached 38951.40 kg/hm2 and increased by 17.76%,the total soluble sugar content was 74.07 mg/(g·DW).The difference of dry rate and starch content between the two cultivars(lines)was relatively small,and the dry rate and starch content of‘Taishu 15’was 29.37%and 756.07 mg/(g·DW)respectively.The comprehensive performance of‘Taishu 15’is better.