胶体晶体自组装常用方法的研究进展

Research Progress of Common Self-assembly Methods for Colloidal Crystals

胶体自组装是制造大面积胶体晶体的高效方法,对制备各种功能胶体晶体材料具有十分重要的意义,在微纳制造、新材料、能源、医学等领域有巨大的应用潜力。对胶体自组装过程中涉及的各种作用力进行了详细分析,归纳了胶体晶体自组装的基本方法。面向制造大面积胶体晶体,阐述了几类代表性的新型胶体晶体自组装方法,包括温度辅助、模板辅助、表面活性剂辅助、旋涂法与界面转移相结合等,分析了不同方法的影响因素、优缺点和未来的改良方向,并介绍了在完整单层膜基础上制造三维胶体晶体的工艺方法。为提高胶体晶体制造质量和效率、拓宽胶体自组装技术的应用提供必要参考。

Colloidal self-assembly is an efficient method for manufacturing large-area colloidal crystal,which has great significance for the preparation of various functional colloidal crystals.It has great application potentials in micro-nano manufacturing,new materials,energy,medicine and other fields.Various forces involved in the process of colloidal self-assembly were analyzed in detail and the basic methods of colloidal crystal self-assembly were summarized.For manufacturing large-area colloidal crystals,several typically new types of colloidal crystal self-assembly methods were introduced,including temperature auxiliary,template auxiliary,surfactant auxiliary,spin coating method combined with the interface transfer,etc.,and the influencing factors of different methods were explained,as well as their advantages and disadvantages,and improvement direction in the future.Finally,the process method for manufacturing the three-dimensional colloidal crystals based on the complete monolayer film was described.Important reference for improving the quality and efficiency of colloidal crystal manufacturing and expanding the application domains of colloidal self-assembly technology are provided.