食源性金黄色葡萄球菌产肠毒素情况及耐药性分析

Analysis on the Enterotoxin Production and Drug Resistance of Foodborne Staphylococcus aureus

为了解日常检测分离株产肠毒素和耐药情况,探讨食源性金黄色葡萄球菌产毒素的类型及分布状况,研究其耐药特性,对本实验室2016年~2017年日常食品检测中的分离株,分别用全自动荧光酶联免疫法检测肠毒素总量和酶联免疫吸附法对肠毒素SEA^SEE进行分型,并用全自动微生物鉴定药敏分析系统进行药敏试验。结果表明,370份食品中分离到的29株金黄色葡萄球菌,产肠毒素的有16株,阳性率为55.2%,其中食物中毒分离株5株都为肠毒素阳性。产2种及以上肠毒素的菌株为12株,占41.4%。A型~E型常见肠毒素都有检出,其中产SEE的菌株最多,有12株,占41.4%,产SEA的菌株次之,为11株。29株食源性金黄色葡萄球菌对庆大霉素、妥布霉素、青霉素、安苄西林、苯唑西林、阿莫西林-克拉维酸、复方新诺名、克林霉素、红霉素、利福平、四环素均有不同程度的耐药,并出现多重耐药性,其中对青霉素和安苄西林的耐药率最高,均为82.8%,其次为红霉素44.8%。该研究的食品监测中分离到的金黄色葡萄球菌其产肠毒素率较高,主要的类型为SEE和SEA。而且分离得到的食源性金黄色葡萄球菌存在不同程度的耐药性和多重耐药现象,建议从各个环节加强监测,降低因耐药菌带来的食品安全风险。

In order to investigate the enterotoxin production and drug resistance of food-borne Staphylococcus aureus,explore the types and distribution of enterotoxin,and study the drug resistance characteristics,so as to provide a reference for relevant monitoring and early warning.The strains isolated from the daily food inspection in the year of 2016-2017 in the laboratory,the total amount of enterotoxin was detected by full-automatic fluorescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(miniVIDAS)and typing of enterotoxin SEA^SEE by ELISA method.The drug sensitivity test was carried out by automatic microbiological identification system(Phoenix M50).The results showed that 16 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food produced enterotoxin,and the positive rate was 55.2%.Moreover,5 strains of food poisoning were all enterotoxin positive.Strains producing 2 or more enterotoxin were 12 strains,accounting for 41.4%.Common enterotoxin A^E was detected.The most strains producing SEE were 12 strains,accounting for 41.4%,followed by 11 strains producing SEA.29 strains of foodborne Staphylococcus aureus were treated with gentamicin,tobramycin,penicillin,ampicillin,oxacillin,amoxicillin clavulanic acid,compound neannoxine,clindamycin,erythromycin,Li Fuping,tetracycline.Resistance to various degrees and multiple resistance were found,among which the resistance rate to penicillin and ampicillin were the highest,followed by 82.8%,followed by erythromycin 44.8%.In this study,Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food monitor had a high enterotoxin production rate,the main types are SEE and SEA.Moreover,the isolated foodborne Staphylococcus aureus had different degrees of resistance and multidrug resistance.It was suggested to strengthen monitoring from various links and reduced the risk of food safety caused by drug resistant bacteria.