基于地理国情数据的土地利用景观格局分析

Land Use Landscape Pattern Analysis Based on Geographical Conditions Data

基于安徽省地理国情数据,结合相关统计资料,利用ArcGIS10.3软件属性列表中的统计工具,获取2015年、2016年和2017年8种景观类型的相关国情数据,再用FRAGSTATS4.2软件计算出各个年份的景观格局指数,从而分析研究区2015年、2016年和2017年的土地利用景观格局现状。结果表明,2015~2017年耕地、林地、草地、未利用地及水域景观类型面积呈减少趋势,园地、建设用地、交通用地景观类型均呈现增长趋势。景观斑块数目增加,景观的破碎程度增强,多样性指数和均匀度指数逐渐微增,宿松县土地利用景观格局变化明显。宿松县2015年、2016年和2017年生态风险综合指数分别为0.100 6、0.101 7和0.102 1,虽处于极低生态风险等级,但呈现增加态势,景观生态安全的压力增大。

Based on the geographical conditions data of Anhui Province, combining with relevant statistical data, we used the statistical tools in the ArcGIS 10.3 software attribute list to obtain relevant national conditions data for 8 landscape types in 2015, 2016 and 2017. Then, we used the FRAGSTATS4.2 software to calculate the landscape pattern index of each year, so as to analyze the status quo of land use landscape patterns in the study area from 2015 to 2017. The results show that from2015 to 2017, the landscape types of cultivated land, forest land, grassland, unused land and water area show decreasing trend, and the landscape types of garden, construction land and traffic land show increasing trend. The number of landscape patches increases, the fragmentation of the landscape increases, the diversity index and evenness index gradually increase, and the land use landscape pattern in Susong County changes significantly. The comprehensive indexes of ecological risk in Susong County in 2015, 2016 and 2017 are 0.100 6, 0.101 7 and 0.102 1 respectively. Although it was at a very low ecological risk level, it showed an increasing trend and the pressure on landscape ecological security increased.