尖顶羊肚菌原基形成过程显微观察与分析

Microscopic Observation and Analysis of Primodiam Formation of Morchella conica

借助光学显微镜对尖顶羊肚菌原基形成的各个时期进行了显微观察分析。结果表明,活跃菌丝在土壤中常呈网络状、颜色深、韧性强,前期菌丝外表光滑、透亮;在浇出菇水后不久活跃菌丝表面形成许多凸起物,即芽基;继而从凸起物向四周辐射形成大量新的菌丝,这些新菌丝比活跃菌丝细、亮度高、比较整齐一致,状若菊花,被命名为菊花期。推测芽基与菊花期是由分生孢子与活跃菌丝的相互作用后产生的。试验观察还发现,在原基分化期,紧贴土壤表面的新菌丝逐渐向下生长深入土壤,以后形成子实体的假根;相对向上一面的颜色逐渐变深,伸长形成羊肚菌的子囊果部分;原基在活跃菌丝某一点或多点形成,最后活跃菌丝被包裹于原基根部,形成一根菌丝串连多个原基的状况,在原来土壤表面的活跃菌丝网络上形成由多个原基组成的相互联系的原基网络。

In this paper,the process of primordiam formation of Morlchella conica were observed by optical micnoscope.The results showed that the active myceliam in soil was dark-colored,strong toughness and of often in network,which appearance was smooth and transparent in earlier stage.Not long after flood irrigation,many protruding objects occurred on active myceliams appearence,which was named as bastem.Then many radiative new myceliam occurred from these protruding objects,these new mycelium were thinner than active myceliaum,they appeared high brighness,high uniformiry and diasy-like,which was named as chrysantheum period.It was presumed that bastem and chrysantheum period came from the interaction between active myceliam and conidia.As well as,in protoplasmic differtiation stage,the new mycelilam off primodiam close to the surface of the soil grew updown gradually into the soil,which laterly formed subsoid false root,the upside of primodiam extending and getting darker formed ascomyst part,primodium occurred at one more points on active myceliam,at last active myceiam was wrappeded by protoplasmic root.Original active mycelium network on soil surface became protoplasmic network connecting in series.