学而君子——《论语》开篇及“其为人也孝弟”章释义

Learn and You will Be a Gentleman:An Explanation of the Opening and Chapter Behavior and Filial Piety and Fraternal Duty of The Analects

“学”“君子”,是人的天性,是值得追求的人生。“学”作为觉悟,是觉悟于先王之道和心性之善;“时习之”表明了“学”的在世性和实践性。“悦”源于“习”,是生命力的源泉和生命本能的冲动;随着“习”的本能皈依于“学”的觉悟,“学”就“不亦说乎”了。“学”因为“悦”而成为生命的本质存在,是人的生命灵性即自主、自觉、自我意识的表征。作为“仁之本”的奠基性存在,孝弟的爱欲从宗法的亲亲升华为普世的亲仁。孝、弟及孝弟与仁的关系,如同学、习及学习与悦的关系。“学”是为了造就以仁为己任的君子,因而是一场深刻的政治启蒙和思想革命。

“To learn”and“to be a gentleman”are the nature of human,and a desired life attitude for everyone.“Learning”is the consciousness that comes from ancestors and goodness of heart,while“reviewing repeatedly”indicates the nature of existence and practice of“learning”.“Happiness”starts from“reviewing”,and it is the source of vitality and the desire of life instinct.As the instinct of“reviewing”depends on the awareness of“learning”,“learning”naturally becomes“happiness”.“Learning”becomes the essential existence of life because of“happiness”,and it's the representation of life intelligence,that is,the autonomy,awareness and self-consciousness.As a base of human's benevolence,the desire of filial piety and fraternal duty transfers from the patriarchal love of relatives to universal love of benevolence.The relationship among filial piety,fraternal duty and benevolence is like the one among learning,reviewing and happiness.The purpose of“learning”is to create merciful gentleman,thus it is a deep political enlightenment and ideological revolution.