新中国成立70年防洪抗旱减灾成效分析

Analysis on the effect of flood and drought disaster prevention in the 70 years since the founding of New China

2019年是中华人民共和国成立70周年,也是中国水利事业波澜壮阔的70年。作为基础产业,经过70年的艰苦奋斗,我国水利建设取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就,在促进经济社会发展、改善人民生活条件、保护生态环境等方面发挥了重要作用。防洪抗旱作为水利的重要工作,70年来通过采取工程与非工程措施建设,我国的大江大河干流基本具备了防御新中国成立以来最大洪水的能力,中小河流暴雨洪水防范能力也显著提升,旱区供水基本得到了有效保障,最大限度地减少了人员伤亡。梳理分析了1950—2018年洪涝、干旱、山洪、台风灾害基本情况,总结了防洪抗旱工程和非工程措施体系及科学技术在防洪抗旱中发挥的作用,分析了70年防洪抗旱减灾成效,用数据说明了水利建设特别是防洪抗旱减灾建设对我国经济社会发展提供的保障作用,为今后我国水旱灾害防御和防汛抗旱减灾工作提供参考。

2019 is the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China,and it is also the magnificent 70 years of water cause of New China.As a basic industry,water construction in China has made remarkable achievements and played an important role in promoting economic and social develop?ment,improving people’s living conditions and protecting the ecological environment through 70 years of hard work.Flood control and drought relief is one of the key tasks of water cause.In the past 70 years,through structural and non-structural measures,the main streams of big rivers has had the basic ability to defense against the greatest floods since the founding of New China,and the flood prevention capacity of small and medium-sized rivers has also been significantly improved.Besides,Water supply in drought-af?fected region has been basically guaranteed and casualties has been minimized.This paper described the ba?sic situation of flood and drought disasters and flash flood disasters for past 70 years,and summarized the structural and non-structural measures for flood control and drought relief.The effects of flood and drought disaster reduction were analyzed from six aspects,such as flood control safety,water supply in drought-af?fected areas,typhoon prevention safety,ice prevention safety,loss of flash flood disaster and the reduction of total loss.The results indicate that the flood and drought disaster reduction has made remarkable achieve?ments in the 70 years since the founding of New China,which has supported the sustainable development of China’s economy and society.