黑龙江省穆棱河流域鱼类物种多样性研究

Fish species diversity in Muling River basin of Heilongjiang Province

2015年5月、7月及10月对穆棱河流域的鱼类种类和分布进行了野外调查,设置鱼类采样点28个.确定穆棱河水域共有鱼类46种,隶属于5目11科,其中鲤形目,有31种,占鱼类总种数的68.89%;其次是鲑形目,含有5种;鲶形目和鲈形目均含4种;而七鳃鳗目仅含一种.穆棱河流域的全年平均综合污染指数、鱼类物种多样性指数Shannon-Wiener、Pielou均匀度指数及Margalef丰富度指数分别为I=1.10、H'=1.97、J'=0.36、D=1.16.穆棱河水质全年整体呈现中污或重污.典范对应分析结果表明,三个季节影响鱼类物种的水环境因子各不相同,春季pH值、CODMn、DO、Fe3+、TN、ORP;夏季Fe3+、ORP、TN、pH值、TD;秋季WT、NO2--N、COND、NO3--N.

Fish species from 28 sampling sites in Muling River basin in May,July and September in 2015 were investigated.46 fish species belonging to 5 orders,11 families.31 species of Cypriniformes contributing 68.89%,followed by Salmoniformes(5species,11.11%).Siluriformes and Cyprinodontiformes were both included 4 species,while Petromyzoniformes was only 1 species.The annual mean values comprehensive pollution index,Shannon-Wiener,Pielou and Margalef index were 1.10,1.97,0.36 and 1.16,respectively.The water quality was moderate or heavy pollution.CCA results showed that water environmental factors influencing fish species varied among three seasons.In spring,main factors were pH,CODMn,DO,Fe3+,TN and ORP.In summer,vital parameters were Fe3+,ORP,TN,pH and TD.In autumn,important variables were WT,NO2--N,COND and NO3--N.