铝/钢异种金属熔钎焊技术发展现状

Development status of the welding-brazing technology of Al/Fe dissimilar metals

目的总结铝/钢异种金属熔钎焊技术的国内外研究现状,为实现铝/钢高质量熔钎焊接提供参考。方法对比电弧、高能束、复合热源及激光填丝/粉熔钎焊接方法的优缺点,并对铝/钢异种金属熔钎焊的发展方向进行展望。结果铝/钢异种金属连接的难点是如何抑制Al-Fe金属间化合物的生成,熔钎焊主要通过控制热源位置、热输入等方法减少焊缝中Fe含量抑制脆性金属间化合物的生成。结论磁场辅助激光填丝/粉焊接不仅能够抑制Al-Fe相的形成,还可以细化焊缝组织并消除气孔缺陷,是铝/钢异种金属熔钎焊技术的研究热点。

Purposes—To summarize the research status of the welding-brazing technology of Al/Fe dissimilar metals,and to provide reference for realizing high-quality aluminum/steel brazing joint.Methods—The advantages and disadvantages of arc,high energy beam,composite heat source and laser wire filling/powder welding-brazing were compared.The welding-brazing direction of Al/Fe dissimilar metals was prospected.Result—The difficulty in joining Al/Fe dissimilar metals is how to inhibit the formation of Al-Fe intermetallic compounds.Welding-brazing not only allows more precise heat-input control and high accuracy of the energy-input position but also can reduce the content of Fe in the molten pool and inhibit the generation of brittle intermetallic compounds.Conclusion—Magnetic field-assisted laser wire filling/powder welding can refine the weld structure and eliminate the porosity defects in addition to inhibiting the formation of Al-Fe phase,so it is the development tendency the welding-brazing technology for Al/Fe dissimilar metals.