2021年PISA数学——来自CCR的分析

PISA Mathematics in 2021——An analysis of the CCR

数学是理解世界、公民身份和经济增长的基石。为了满足全社会对教育的需求,21世纪教育应该注重对知识理解的深度和多样性的培养。PISA关于数学能力的测试中,最重视学生运用数学推理来解决问题的能力。我们建议扩展数学过程的描述(表述、应用、解释、评估),并在PISA数学框架内确定这些处理过程为数学建模的主要组成部分,其中有七个最常用于寻找正确推理方法的推理工具:比较、比例推理、应用乘法量表、拆分、归并、由简入繁、概率推理和逻辑推理。PISA数学的素养领域涉及形状与空间、变化与关系、不确定性与数据、数量等,还要特别注意创造性思维能力、品格和元认知技能的培养。

Mathematics is a foundation for understanding the world,citizenship and economic growth.As the 21st century bears little resemblance to the 19th century,education curricula are overdue for emphasizing depth of understanding and versatility,to meet the needs of our global society.The PISA test on mathematics measures,among other things,students’ability to employ mathematical reasoning while solving problems.We suggest enriching the descriptions of the mathematical processes(formulate,employ,interpret,evaluate),identified in the PISA Mathematics Framework as the main components of the modeling cycle,with seven reasoning tools which are most commonly used in search of the right approach:formulating situations mathematically(comparison,proportional reasoning,applying multiplicative scales);employing mathematical concepts,facts,procedures,and reasoning(divide and conquer,lumping,consider first easy cases,probabilistic and logical reasoning);and interpreting,applying and evaluating mathematical outcomes.PISA Mathematics Literacy Areas involves Shape&Space,Change&Relationships,Uncertainty&Data and Quantity,also developing creativity in mathematical thinking and competencies(Skills,Character,Meta-Learning).