郊区化和逆城市化下的美国乡村发展与振兴

The Rural Development and Revitalization of US Under Suburbanization and Deurbanization

工业化后,美国人口及资源从农村向城市流动,城市成为经济的中心而日益繁荣,广袤无垠的农村地区富有活力的人口及资源大量流失,经济呆滞与衰退,大量农场被抛弃,无数的村庄荒无人烟,众多小镇消失,乡村衰败触目惊心,城乡冲突异常激烈。二战后,美国联邦政府将公共资源优先配置在大城市之外的地区,引导社会资源流向郊区及乡村。在郊区及乡村基础设施等引导下城市资源、生产要素等向外分散,进而推动郊区、非都市区发展,实现了乡村的振兴,对美国经济持续发展产生重要影响。

After the industrialization,American people and resources moved from the countryside to the cities,so cities become economic centers and are increasingly prosperous.The vast rural areas lost their vital population and resources,and its economy was sluggish and decline,and a lot of farmland was abandoned,and a large number of villages were deserted,numerous small towns were disappear.The decline of the countryside was alarming,and conflicts between urban and rural areas were very fierce.After World War II,the federal government of US initiatively allocated the public resources to the region out of the big cities,which led social resource move into suburban area and country.Under the guidance of suburban and rural infrastructure,urban resources and production elements are dispersed outward,so as to promote the development of suburban and nonmetropolitan areas,thus achieving rural revitalization and having an important impact on the sustainable development of the United States economy.