运动防治膝骨关节炎的关键因素及注意事项

Exercise in the prevention and treatment of knee osteoarthritis:key factors and cautions

背景:目前膝骨关节炎的治疗以缓解症状为主,真正根治较难。运动疗法是为了达到一些特定的治疗目标而专门设计和规范的体育活动计划,旨在恢复正常的肌肉骨骼功能和减少疾病或身体损伤引起的疼痛。有关运动疗法防治膝骨关节炎存在不同观点。目的:探讨影响运动疗法防治膝骨关节炎疗效中的关键因素及注意事项,为运动疗法防治膝骨关节炎提供一定参考依据。方法:应用计算机检索至2019年1月PubMed数据库、中国期刊全文数据库相关文章,英文检索词为:“exercise therapy,knee osteoarthritis,prevention and treatment”;中文检索词为:“运动疗法,膝骨关节炎,防治”。根据纳入排除标准,对检索到的关于运动疗法对膝骨关节炎作用的相关文献进行分析。结果与结论:①运动疗法应尽早介入,早期需注意各部损伤时膝关节的角度问题,需逐渐增加活动度及强度,可以从非负重训练开始到后期训练可以负重;②运动疗法的强度应以中小强度为主,避免过度训练,特别是对于软骨磨损的患者。

BACKGROUND:The treatments of knee osteoarthritis are mainly to relieve the symptoms,and it is difficult to be cured.Exercise therapy is denominated as a designed and ruled plan of physical activities to get some specific treated goals and aimed at the recovery of normal musculoskeletal function and reduction of the pain caused by diseases or body injuries.The research of exercise therapy in prevention and treatment of knee osteoarthritis has different opinions.OBJECTIVE:To discuss the critical factors influencing exercise therapy in the prevention and treatment of knee osteoarthritis,and to provide reference for exercise therapy in preventing and treating knee osteoarthritis.METHODS:A computer-based retrieval of CNKI and PubMed databases was performed for the articles published before January 2019.The keywords were“exercise therapy,knee osteoarthritis,prevention and treatment”in Chinese and English,respectively.The articles concerning exercise therapy effect on knee osteoarthritis were included for analysis based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Exercise therapy should be begun as early as possible,and at the early period,we should pay attention to the angle of knee joint injury,and increase the intensity gradually,such as from non-weight training to weight training.(2)The middle-low intensity exercise therapy is recommended,and over-training should be avoided,especially for those who have cartilage wear.