身体活动与运动对代谢综合征的影响与作用

Effects of physical activity and exercise on metabolic syndrome

背景:目前,代谢综合征呈现出“高龄化”和“低龄化”两大趋势。增加身体活动量和积极运动能有效提高代谢综合征患者的胰岛素敏感度,调节机体脂代谢和糖代谢,以及有降血压的作用,降低代谢综合征发病率。目的:全面评述身体活动及运动介入对代谢综合征的影响作用,进一步揭示身体活动、有氧运动、抗阻运动等对儿童青少年和中老年人代谢综合征产生的正向效益,从而为有效预防、缓解及治疗代谢综合征提供理论及实践参考。方法:利用PubMed、ElsevierSDOL以及CNKI等中、英文资料数据库,以“代谢综合征”“身体活动”“运动”等中英主题词搜索研究文献,关键词主要有“代谢综合征、身体活动、运动”“Metabolic syndrome,physical activity,exercise”。针对代谢综合征发病机制及身体活动和运动对代谢综合征的影响等进行归纳、整理,以确保最终入围的文献符合研究目的。结果与结论:①充分的身体活动是代谢综合征的保护独立因素,少坐多动、改变出行方式、增加家务活动等健康的生活方式能有效加快能量代谢,提高各人群胰岛素敏感度,降低代谢综合征及各个组分疾病的患病率;②规律运动对防治代谢综合征具有显著正向效益,有氧运动与抗阻运动均可降低机体脂含量及胰岛素抵抗等危险因素;其中抗阻运动在增加骨骼肌含量、提升基础代谢率和胰岛素敏感度,控制血糖效果更为显著;但仅有氧运动可纠正代谢综合征的炎症反应,并在减少体脂和降血压方面更有优势;③儿童、青少年肥胖与代谢综合征密切相关,身体活动及运动对预防及改善代谢综合征有显著作用,而代谢综合征的改善则可控制儿童及青少年肥胖,从而有利于减少其成年后发病率;中老年代谢综合征患者生存率降低,血管粥样硬化及心脑血管疾病发病风险及死亡率升高,生活方式的转变及规律运动是防治中老年代谢综合征及心脑血管疾病发生的重要举措。

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome appeared at older and lower age. Increasing physical activity and active movement can effectively improve insulin sensitivity in patients with metabolic syndrome, regulate lipid and glucose metabolisms, decrease blood pressure and reduce the incidence of metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively review the effect of physical activity and exercise intervention on metabolic syndrome, and to further reveal the positive benefits of physical activity, aerobic exercise and resistance movement to young children and middle-aged and elderly people, so as to provide theoretical and practical reference for effective prevention, mitigation and treatment of metabolic syndrome. METHODS: PubMed, CNKI, and ElsevierSDOL databases were used to search relevant articles with the keywords of "metabolic syndrome, physical activity, exercise" in Chinese and English, respectively. The pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and the influence of physical activity and exercise on metabolic syndrome were summarized to confirm the included studies eligible for the objectives. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Adequate physical activity is an independent protective factor of metabolic syndrome. A healthy lifestyle, such as less sitting and hyperactivity, changing travel mode and increasing housework, can effectively accelerate energy metabolism and improve insulin sensitivity in all groups, reduce the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and each component of the disease.(2) Regular exercise has a significantly positive effect on the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. Aerobic exercise and resistance exercise can reduce the body fat content and insulin resistance and other risk factors. Resistance exercise can increase skeletal muscle content, increase basal metabolic rate and insulin sensitivity, especially control blood sugar. Only aerobic exercise can correct the inflammatory reaction of metabolic syndrome, and has more advantages in reducing body fat and lowering blood pressure.(3) Obesity in children and adolescents is closely related to metabolic syndrome. Physical activity and exercise play a significant role in the prevention and improvement of metabolic syndrome, while the improvement of metabolic syndrome can control obesity in children and adolescents. The survival rate of middle-aged and elderly patients with metabolic syndrome decreased, the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases increased, and the mortality rate increased. Lifestyle change and regular exercise are important measures to prevent and cure the occurrence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the middle-aged and elderly.