果渣营养价值及其发酵饲料在畜禽养殖中的应用

Nutrient Value of Fruit Pomace and the Application of Its Fermented Feed in Livestock Breeding

中国水果资源丰富,果渣产量巨大、种类繁多、营养丰富,是良好的饲料资源。随着对果渣研究的不断深入,发现苹果渣、柑橘渣、菠萝渣、葡萄渣及沙棘果渣含有粗蛋白质(CP)、粗纤维(CF)、粗脂肪(EE)等营养成分及钙、磷、铜、锌、铁、硒、镁等矿物元素,同时还富含维生素、黄酮、多糖、多酚等活性物质,具有良好的饲用价值。然而果渣富含纤维素、木质素、果胶、单宁等抗营养物质,存在适口性差、消化率低等缺陷,影响动物消化吸收功能及对饲料的转化率。而微生物发酵可减少果渣中纤维素、木质素、植酸、果胶、单宁等抗营养成分,同时提高其粗蛋白质、氨基酸等营养物质含量,改善果渣的营养结构和营养价值,提高其利用率。研究发现,发酵果渣作为饲料可改善动物生长性能及生产性能,提高肉品质,降低养殖成本。作者总结了国内外相关研究进展,对果渣的营养价值、微生物发酵后营养变化及其发酵饲料在畜禽养殖业中的应用进行了综述,旨在阐明果渣微生物发酵饲料的应用价值、经济价值及社会价值,同时也为果渣发酵料在畜禽养殖中的深度发掘及推广提供理论参考。

China is rich in fruit resources,and fruit pomace is a good feed resource because of its huge output,variety and rich nutrition.With the in-depth research,it is revealed that pomace of apple,citrus,pineapple,grape and sea bucktron contain nutrient components including crude protein(CP),crude fiber(CF)and ether extract(EE)and mineral element including calcium,phosphorus,copper,zinc,iron,selenium and magnesium,meanwhile it is rich in active substance such as vitamin,flavonoid,polysaccharides and polyphenols.Therefore,pomace has good feeding value.However,it also has some flaws such as bad palatability and low digestive rate because of its antinutritional substance like cellulose,xylogen,pectin and tannin,which affects digestive and absorptive function and feed conversion rate in animal.While microbial fermentation process can improve its nutrient structure,nutrient value and utilization rate by reducing its antinutritional components of cellulose,xylogen,phytic acid,pectin and tannin,and increase nutrient contents of crude protein and amino acids.It is discovered that fermented pomace as feed could improve growth performance,production performance and meat quality,and decrease cost in livestock breeding.Combined with domestic and abroad researches,the nutrient value of fruit pomace,nutritional changes after microbial fermentation and the application of the fermented pomace in livestock breeding were reviewed here.The aim of this paper is to clarify the application value,economic value and social value of microbial fermented fruit pomace,and provide theoretical reference for the deep excavation and popularization of fermented pomace as feed in livestock breeding.